Design of a Process Plant Video Lecture - Civil Engineering (CE)

welcome to the chapter 14 of the oil and
gas engineering guide audiobook
in this section we will review the
overall plant design work process among
the various disciplines and how their
work integrates it all starts with
functional requirements from business
the feedstock and the required products
the process engineers perform process
simulations and develop process schemes
in order to transform the feedstock into
the required products upon completion of
these simulations and once they have
found a suitable process scheme they
issue the process flow diagrams and the
heat and material balances these
documents form the basis for the plant
functional description the heat and mass
balance allows to identify and specify
the duty of each equipment process then
performs the sizing of process equipment
on the basis of the flow of fluids that
are being handled in such equipment the
gas flow the liquid flow
the process equipment sizing yields
equipment dimensions together with the
process flow diagrams which show which
equipment is connected to which it
allows to establish the plant layout
safety engineering comes in at this
stage they identify the hazardous
materials and they prescribe some safety
distance between hazardous equipment the
heat and mass balance allows to identify
all types of fluids and there are
conditions in the various pieces of
equipment and pipes of the plants this
in turn allows to select the proper
materials of construction stainless
steel will be selected for highly
corrosive services whereas ordinary
carbon steel will be selected when
corrosion is not an issue once the
material of construction of equipment
has been specified the equipment can be
purchased from vendors and their
mechanical design can be performed this
will result in equipment drawings
showing precisely all information about
the equipment such as dimensions
positions of support as well as weight
and loads on foundation position of
piping connections and so on such
information will allow to comfort the
plant layout the finalization of the
plant layout and information from
equipment vendors such as equipment
dimensions and weights
allô to perform the design of the
process structures the equipment bearing
structures be they're made of concrete
or steel the information from vendors
also allows to design the equipment
foundations PN IDs are an essential
document in the plant design as they
depict all the operational features such
as valves as well as lines and
instruments that will be available for
the operator to control to monitor the
process and also for the operator to
perform maintenance on equipment once
the PN ids are established since they
fix the various pipes these pipes can be
designed the piping design and tells the
definition of a pipe routing that will
meet a number of requirements including
accessibility for the operator to
operate the valves and to have access to
instrumentation on the pipes it also
involves calculations of lines subject
to thermal expansion such calculations
determine the requirement for expansion
loops
and such expansion loops give rise to
additional steel structures once piping
calculations are completed and the
required expansion loops are identified
the corresponding loads and geometry is
given by piping to Siddeley back to
piping design once the calculations have
been completed and a significant amount
of pipes have been routed in the 3d
model the piping material takeoff can be
extracted from the model this will allow
the first set of piping materials to be
purchased before piping construction
drawings ie isometric drawings can be
issued information is needed from
equipment vendors about the precise
position of equipment nozzles the piping
and Instrumentation diagrams define
precisely Z in from the instrumentation
and control therefore they are also the
basis for the instrument and control
engineer to specify and purchase the
field instrumentation as well as the
control system
the electrical design starts with the
inventory of all the plant power
consumers this allows to size the power
generation the plant layout is used to
define the architecture of the
electrical distribution and the number
of substations among other things power
cables are sized and their roots are
defined and since these cables are
installed on the ground the such
information is provided to the civil
engineer which performs the underground
networks layout drawings quite a few
networks are located on the ground and
the civil engineer coordinates their
respective positions the networks
include the electrical and
instrumentation cables the underground
piping services such as the drains
process drains the pipe support
foundations the fire water Network
designed by is a safety engineer as well
as the plant rain water drainage network
this ends this presentation of the
overall plant design development we have
here a synoptic showing the interfaces
between the various disciplines let's
show these various disciplines process
engineering is shown in blue color
equipment engineering is shown in pink
color and this is not actually an
engineering discipline but these
represents
wonders of equipment plant layout is
shown here safety engineering
instrumentation and automation piping is
shown in green with its various
components calculations design and
materials and material selection as well
electrical engineering is shown here and
civil is shown in brown now that we have
defined such synoptic let's look at the
critical steps the critical stages in
plant design first of all a plant is
designed around equipment in order to be
able to design the plant information
from equipment vendors is necessary
therefore the equipment must be ordered
at an early stage in order to have the
equipment vendor information early to
develop the plant design so the first
critical path is that leading to or
during the process equipment it goes
through the process simulations and
process sizing and preparation of the
material acquisition technical bid
tabulation and equipment purchase once
some information at least preliminary
information from equipment is available
it's possible to nail down the plant
layout which is another essential step
for virtually all engineering discipline
to proceed with the work this is done
with the client during the first also
called 30% plant model review which is
done in 3d
the most important document in a process
prompt are the piping and
Instrumentation diagrams freezing such
diagrams at an early stage is required
in order to allow piping design and
instrumentation and control design to
progress and proceed
therefore pn ids must be reviewed
between the engineer and the owner at an
early stage this is done during the pn
ID review meeting which is also an
essential step in the development of the
plant design once the piping
instrumentation diagrams have been
agreed between the engineer and the
owner the plant layout has been frozen
and the pipe design has progressed it's
possible to prepare the first list of
required piping materials and to order
the same this is very critical as piping
is indeed what determines the duration
of a project it is on the critical path
of the project once piping materials are
ordered the other thing that is required
at site to progress with piping
construction other drawings these
drawings will require that the
connections to equipment is finalized
this will required to have vendor
drawings finalized vendor drawings for
equipment as well as inline
instrumentation another priority of the
design work that is often neglected is
to focus on the underground networks
indeed underground networks are
installed at site before any
above-ground networks indeed as you can
see on the picture the equipment the
cranes and so on to install equipment
and pipes cannot access the area before
of the underground networks are
installed and the area is backfield we
have now come to the end of this
presentation and I hope you enjoyed this
synoptic showing the interactions
between the various engineering
disciplines as well as the overall plant
design sequence large projects are
complex and there are so many different
activities and disciplines one must be
focused on the most important areas
ordering equipment finalizing the plant
layout and the p-n IDs and attending to
the critical path of the project with
ordering of piping materials and issue
of piping isometrics that's all folks I
hope this presentation will be useful to
you any comments questions please drop
me an email have Barham at gmail.com bye
bye