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Force and Simple Machines (Part 2) Class 5 Notes Science

Machines

Tools make our work easier by reducing the force that needs to be applied to get the work done. These tools are known as machines. 

  • Machines help us to do work easily and with less effort. 
  • Machines help us to do work in less time. 
  • Machines make our life easy and comfortable. 

Machines may be simple or complex 

Force and Simple Machines (Part 2) Class 5 Notes Science

  • Simple machines are tools that have very simple structure and that make our work easier and faster. 
  • Complex machines consist of two or more simple machines that work together.

Types of Simple Machines

Force and Simple Machines (Part 2) Class 5 Notes Science

1. Lever

A lever consists of a rod free to move about a fixed point. It consists of three parts – fulcrum, load and effort.

  • Fulcrum is the fixed point around which the lever moves. 
  • Load is the object on which work is being done. 
  • Effort is the force applied on the lever.

Depending on the position of the fulcrum, load, and effort, there are three types of levers.

  • Class 1 Lever:  In class 1 levers, the fulcrum is between the load and the effort. A pair of scissors see-saw, crowbar and plier are examples of first-class levers.  Force and Simple Machines (Part 2) Class 5 Notes Science
  • Class 2 Lever: In class 2 levers, the load is between the fulcrum and effort. A bottle opener, a wheelbarrow, and a nut cracker are levers of class 2. A lever of class 2 always increases force.Force and Simple Machines (Part 2) Class 5 Notes Science
  • Class 3 Lever: In class 3 levers, the effort is between the fulcrum and load. Stapler, tweezers fishing rods and tongs are examples of third-class levers. This class of levers is used to decrease force to carry out delicate work. Force and Simple Machines (Part 2) Class 5 Notes Science

2. Wheel and Axle

  • The wheel is one of the most important inventions by humans. 
  • A wheel and axle consists of a wheel attached to a rod called an axle. 
  • When the axle is turned, the wheel also moves. 
  • The steering wheel of a car, screwdriver, sewing machine and doorknob are examples of wheel and axle.Force and Simple Machines (Part 2) Class 5 Notes Science

There are two basic ways a wheel and axle can work together to help move things. 

  • The force is applied to the wheel 
  • The force is applied to the axle.

3.  Inclined Plane

  • An inclined plane is simply a slope with one end higher than the other. 
  • Less effort is needed to move an object up through an inclined plane as compared to lifting it up straight.
  • A plank of wood is often used as an inclined plane to load heavy things on trucks.
  •  An inclined plane makes it easier to push up a load.
  • Ramp, staircase, slide and roads in hilly regions are examples of inclined planes.

Force and Simple Machines (Part 2) Class 5 Notes Science

4. Wedge

  • When two inclined planes are joined back to back in the shape of V, it forms a wedge. 
  • It can also be seen as an object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp edge. 
  • A nail, fork, knife and an axe are examples of wedge.

Force and Simple Machines (Part 2) Class 5 Notes Science

5. Screw

  • A screw looks like a nail with grooves cut in it. 
  • It has winding edge called thread. 
  • To insert it into wood, it has to be screwed in by turning it round and round with a screwdriver.
  • It helps to hold things tightly.  
  • It takes less force to insert a screw in wood than a nail. 
  • Therefore, a screw increases force.
  • Screw jack, drilling machine and nut bolts are examples of screw.Force and Simple Machines (Part 2) Class 5 Notes Science

6. Pulley

 A pulley is a wheel with a grooved rim so that a rope or chain can run around it. A pulley changes the direction of force applied. A pulley can be of two types – fixed pulley and movable pulley. 

  • Fixed pulley: In a fixed pulley, the axle is fixed to a support. It is used for drawing water from a well and raising a flag to the top of a flagpole.Force and Simple Machines (Part 2) Class 5 Notes Science
  • Movable pulley: Movable pulley is used in combination with a fixed pulley. It is used to lift heavy loads.Force and Simple Machines (Part 2) Class 5 Notes Science

Safety Habits While Using Simple Machines

Machines are helpful to us. However, they should be handled with care. 

  • The moving parts of pulleys and levers can cause serious injuries. They should be used with care.
  • Do not go near places where heavy loads are being lifted by pulleys. 
  • Make sure that the rope is in good condition before using a pulley. The machines should be well lubricated.
  • Sharp edges of knives, scissors axes are dangerous. Handle them with care.
  • Never wave around your hand while using a pair of scissors. You could hurt someone around you. 
  • When carrying sharp and pointed tools like knife, position the pointed edge downward.
  • Hold the sharp objects away from your body. 
  • Always hold the handles of sharp objects. 
  • Sharp pointed tools should be stored in a tool box. 
  • Make sure that a hoe or axe is never leaning against an open door or on uneven floor. They could fall over, or someone could trip on them.
The document Force and Simple Machines (Part 2) Class 5 Notes Science is a part of the Class 5 Course Science Class 5.
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FAQs on Force and Simple Machines (Part 2) Class 5 Notes Science

1. What are the six types of simple machines?
Ans. The six types of simple machines are the lever, inclined plane, wedge, screw, pulley, and wheel and axle.
2. How do simple machines make work easier?
Ans. Simple machines make work easier by either changing the direction of the force applied, increasing the force applied, or increasing the distance over which the force is applied.
3. What are some examples of safety habits while using simple machines?
Ans. Some examples of safety habits while using simple machines include wearing appropriate protective gear, following operating instructions, using machines in well-lit and ventilated areas, and keeping fingers and loose clothing away from moving parts.
4. How do simple machines affect force?
Ans. Simple machines can either increase or decrease the amount of force required to do work. They can increase force by allowing a smaller force to be applied over a greater distance, or decrease force by allowing a greater force to be applied over a smaller distance.
5. What are some examples of each type of simple machine?
Ans. Examples of each type of simple machine include the lever (see-saw), inclined plane (ramp), wedge (knife), screw (screwdriver), pulley (flagpole), and wheel and axle (bicycle).
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