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Diazonium Salt:
When primary aromatic amine is treated with nitrous acid in a cool solution, product is unstable compound, known as diazonium salt.

Diazonium Salt & Diazotization | Chemistry Class 12 - NEET

This reaction is known as diazotisation. Diazonium salts have the structure

Diazonium Salt & Diazotization | Chemistry Class 12 - NEET

Mechanism of diazotisation:

Diazonium Salt & Diazotization | Chemistry Class 12 - NEET

Illustration:

Why ice cold condition have to be maintained in the diazotisation reaction of aniline?

Ans: Because benzene diazonium chloride is unstable and decomposes to give phenol above 278k.

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FAQs on Diazonium Salt & Diazotization - Chemistry Class 12 - NEET

1. What is a diazonium salt?
Ans. A diazonium salt is an organic compound that contains a positive charge on a nitrogen atom, which is bonded to an aromatic ring. It is formed by the reaction of an aromatic primary amine with nitrous acid.
2. How is diazonium salt formed?
Ans. Diazonium salts are formed by the reaction of an aromatic primary amine with nitrous acid. The reaction proceeds through the formation of a diazonium ion, which is a nitrogen cation attached to an aromatic ring.
3. What is diazotization?
Ans. Diazotization is a chemical reaction in which an amine group in an aromatic compound is replaced by a diazonium group through the formation of a diazonium salt. This reaction is commonly used to introduce various functional groups onto aromatic rings.
4. What are the applications of diazonium salts?
Ans. Diazonium salts have various applications in organic synthesis. They are commonly used in the preparation of azo dyes, which are widely used in the textile industry. They are also used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds.
5. What is the importance of diazonium salts in the pharmaceutical industry?
Ans. Diazonium salts play a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry as they are used in the synthesis of various drugs. They can be used to introduce functional groups onto aromatic rings, which can enhance the biological activity of the resulting compounds. Diazonium salts are also used in the preparation of prodrugs, which are inactive compounds that can be converted into active drugs inside the body.
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