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FAQs on Diffusion - Lecture Notes, Material Science Engg., Semester, UIET - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)

1. What is diffusion in material science engineering?
Ans. Diffusion in material science engineering is the process of atoms or molecules moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It plays a crucial role in various processes such as heat treatment, alloying, and chemical reactions in materials.
2. How does diffusion occur in materials?
Ans. Diffusion occurs in materials due to the random thermal motion of atoms or molecules. At high temperatures, atoms or molecules gain enough energy to overcome the energy barrier and move freely through the material, leading to diffusion.
3. What factors affect the rate of diffusion in materials?
Ans. Several factors influence the rate of diffusion in materials, including temperature, concentration gradient, distance, and the nature of the diffusing species. Higher temperatures, larger concentration gradients, shorter distances, and smaller diffusing species generally result in faster diffusion rates.
4. What are some practical applications of diffusion in material science engineering?
Ans. Diffusion is widely used in material science engineering for various applications. Some practical examples include the diffusion of dopants in semiconductors to modify their electrical properties, the diffusion of carbon atoms in steel to increase its hardness, and the diffusion of molecules in polymers to enhance their permeability.
5. Can diffusion be controlled or manipulated in materials?
Ans. Yes, diffusion can be controlled and manipulated in materials through various techniques. For example, the diffusion of impurities can be controlled by adjusting the temperature, time, and pressure during a heat treatment process. Additionally, diffusion barriers or coatings can be applied to restrict or guide the diffusion of certain species in materials.
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