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Drainage basin

  • Drainage basins play a significant role in the hydrological system by collecting all water that falls onto the Earth's surface.
  • These basins are considered open systems.
  • Each drainage basin is distinct, varying in its shape, size, geological composition, topography, and land utilization.

Drainage basin features

Every drainage basin shares certain characteristics:

  • Watershed
  • Origin or source
  • Confluence
  • Tributaries
  • Outlet or mouth

Drainage Basin | Geography for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11

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What is the function of a drainage basin in the hydrological system?
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Channel network

  • Every drainage basin contains a network of tributaries connecting to the main river channel.
  • The number of tributaries within a drainage basin determines its drainage density.
  • Drainage basins with an abundance of tributaries are described as having high drainage density.
  • Conversely, basins with a scarcity of tributaries are classified as having low drainage density.
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FAQs on Drainage Basin - Geography for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11

1. What is a drainage basin?
Ans. A drainage basin, also known as a watershed or catchment area, is an area of land where all the water that falls within it drains into a specific river or lake.
2. What are some features of a drainage basin?
Ans. Some features of a drainage basin include rivers, streams, lakes, wetlands, and groundwater. These features work together to collect and transport water within the basin.
3. What is a channel network within a drainage basin?
Ans. A channel network refers to the system of rivers and streams within a drainage basin that carry water from the high points to the low points. These channels form the natural drainage patterns of the basin.
4. How does a drainage basin impact the surrounding environment?
Ans. A drainage basin plays a crucial role in shaping the landscape and influencing the ecosystem within it. It affects the flow of water, the distribution of vegetation, and the overall biodiversity of the area.
5. How can human activities impact a drainage basin?
Ans. Human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and pollution can significantly alter the natural flow of water within a drainage basin. This can lead to increased flooding, erosion, and degradation of water quality.
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