Earth | General Knowledge Olympiad for Class 1 PDF Download

Introduction

• Our Earth is our mother as it fulfills all of our needs such as food, water and other things.
• It is round in shape, but a slight flattened on the top and bottom like an orange. It is not flat as we see it.
• We live on its surface which is made up of water and land.
• It is covered by a layer of air.
• We live on the land, which is not same everywhere.
• Most of the part of the Earth is covered with water, which includes oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, etc.
• Our planet, Earth, is unique as it has the best combination of land, water and air required to sustain life.

Layers of Earth

1. Crust: Solid outer layer of Earth on which we live.
2. Mantle: Under the crust lies the mantle. This layer is made up of molten rock.
3. Core: Deepest and hottest layer of Earth.

What Earth Looks Like

• Only our planet sustains life. It has about 70% water and 30% land.
• It is a beautiful planet and looks blue when viewed from space because it has lots of water.
• Earth has seven major landmasses which are known as continents. (The continents from largest to smallest are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.)
• We find mountains, valleys and plains on the Earth’s surface as different landforms.
• A large elevated part of the Earth is called a mountain.
• Hill is also a raised area on the surface of the Earth but it is not as high and steep as a mountain.
• A valley is a long depression or low land between mountains and hills.
• A large flat area on the surface of Earth is called plains.
• A land mass surrounded by water on its three sides and connected to land on one side is called peninsula.
• A land mass surrounded by water on all sides is called an island.
•  A plateau is a high land on the Earth surface, which is almost flat at the top.

Water Bodies

All living things need water in order to survive. Water on Earth is available as fresh water and salty water. Water lakes, ponds, rivers, etc., are known as fresh-water bodies. While oceans and seas are known as saltwater bodies. Oceans, are the largest water bodies. any plants and animals live in the ocean as well. There are five oceans, separated by different continents, namely the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Oceans (in descending order by area).

Weather and Seasons

• Our planet is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere. Sometimes this air is hot and sometimes it is cold. This change in atmosphere is known as climate or weather, which changes from day to day and sometimes from hour to hour. Different symbols are used to show the weather condition on different days:
  
• When the weather remains unchanged for a long period of time, we call it a season. We have some months when it rains very heavily, some months when it is very hot, some months when it is very cold and some months when it is neither too hot nor too cold.

There are four main seasons

1. Summer

• The sun shines very brightly, hence this is the hottest season.
• April, ay and June are the months of summer season.
• People like to have cold water, cold drinks, juices and ice-cream, etc.
• People prefer to wear cotton clothes.

2. Monsoon

• It comes after summer.
• July and August are the months of monsoon season.
• Rain and clouds come with cold winds and sometimes with thunderstorms.
• Trees and plants look greener during this season.
• People use umbrellas, raincoats, etc., to keep themselves from getting wet.
• Sometimes use also sea a rainbow immediately often a rain.

3. Autumn

• It comes after monsoon season.
• September and October are the months of autumn season.
• It is neither hot nor too cold.
• Leaves of most of the plants turn yellow, get dry and then fall down.

4. Winter

• It is cold and chilly.
• November, December and January are months of winter season.
• People mostly wear warm or woollen clothes.

5. Spring

• It is neither too hot nor too cold.
• The days are very pleasant.
• February and arch are the months of spring season.
• Trees and plants have fresh leaves and colourful flowers.