Economic Development in Tamil Nadu | Tamil Nadu State PSC (TNPSC): Preparation - TNPSC (Tamil Nadu) PDF Download

 Page 1


60
Plan Period
I Five year plan 1951-56
II Five year Plan 1956-61
III Five year plan 1961-66
Annual plans 1967-69
IV Five year Plan 1969-73
V Five year Plan 1974-79
VI Five year Plan 1980-85
VII Five year Plan 1985-90
VIII Five year Plan 1992-97
IX Five year Plan 1997-2002
X Five year Plan 2002-2007*
*Is under Progress
61
Economic development is an important  continuous process in the
progress of the country.  At the time of independence, the status of
Indian economy was poor and backward.  So, we adopted planning
as one of our approaches to economic development.  The anti Indian
Policy of the British rule was the main reason for the backwardness of
the Indian economy .  Hence, the planning in India aimed to channelise
the country’s resources in different developmental activities.
Plan Periods
The Government of India appointed a Planning Commission in 1950
to prepare a blue print for the development, taking an overall view of
the needs and resources of the country.  The then Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru was its first Chairman.  The Planning Commission
fixed the planning period as five years.  Since, then nine FiveY ear
Plans were implemented. All these plans have objectives.  They are:
(i) High rate of growth
(ii) Promotion of social justice
(iii)Self-reliance
(iv)Increasing the employment opportunities.
Almost all the plans have successfully implemented these objectives
and thereby enhanced the status of the economy of our country .
Industries:
The important aspect of economic development is the expansion of
Industrialisation.  Since T amil Nadu is an agricultural state, priority for
Industrial development was given only during the Second Five Y ear
Plan.  R.V enkataraman (Former President of India), the then minister
for Industries in the Kamaraj Ministry took pioneering steps to make
T amil Nadu as one of the top most industrial states in India.
Heavy Industries: W ith the dawn of planning the tempo of industrial
development especially the heavy industries received momentum not
only in India but also in T amil Nadu.  The most popular heavy industries
Coimbatore is called the Manchester of  South India.
in Tamil Nadu are Iron and Steel, Cotton textiles, Sugar and Cement
etc. The cotton textile industries at Coimbatore, Ambattur and
Ambasamudram were prominent. The Cotton T extile industry is one
of the oldest industries of the state.
Page 2


60
Plan Period
I Five year plan 1951-56
II Five year Plan 1956-61
III Five year plan 1961-66
Annual plans 1967-69
IV Five year Plan 1969-73
V Five year Plan 1974-79
VI Five year Plan 1980-85
VII Five year Plan 1985-90
VIII Five year Plan 1992-97
IX Five year Plan 1997-2002
X Five year Plan 2002-2007*
*Is under Progress
61
Economic development is an important  continuous process in the
progress of the country.  At the time of independence, the status of
Indian economy was poor and backward.  So, we adopted planning
as one of our approaches to economic development.  The anti Indian
Policy of the British rule was the main reason for the backwardness of
the Indian economy .  Hence, the planning in India aimed to channelise
the country’s resources in different developmental activities.
Plan Periods
The Government of India appointed a Planning Commission in 1950
to prepare a blue print for the development, taking an overall view of
the needs and resources of the country.  The then Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru was its first Chairman.  The Planning Commission
fixed the planning period as five years.  Since, then nine FiveY ear
Plans were implemented. All these plans have objectives.  They are:
(i) High rate of growth
(ii) Promotion of social justice
(iii)Self-reliance
(iv)Increasing the employment opportunities.
Almost all the plans have successfully implemented these objectives
and thereby enhanced the status of the economy of our country .
Industries:
The important aspect of economic development is the expansion of
Industrialisation.  Since T amil Nadu is an agricultural state, priority for
Industrial development was given only during the Second Five Y ear
Plan.  R.V enkataraman (Former President of India), the then minister
for Industries in the Kamaraj Ministry took pioneering steps to make
T amil Nadu as one of the top most industrial states in India.
Heavy Industries: W ith the dawn of planning the tempo of industrial
development especially the heavy industries received momentum not
only in India but also in T amil Nadu.  The most popular heavy industries
Coimbatore is called the Manchester of  South India.
in Tamil Nadu are Iron and Steel, Cotton textiles, Sugar and Cement
etc. The cotton textile industries at Coimbatore, Ambattur and
Ambasamudram were prominent. The Cotton T extile industry is one
of the oldest industries of the state.
60
Plan Period
I Five year plan 1951-56
II Five year Plan 1956-61
III Five year plan 1961-66
Annual plans 1967-69
IV Five year Plan 1969-73
V Five year Plan 1974-79
VI Five year Plan 1980-85
VII Five year Plan 1985-90
VIII Five year Plan 1992-97
IX Five year Plan 1997-2002
X Five year Plan 2002-2007*
*Is under Progress
61
Economic development is an important  continuous process in the
progress of the country.  At the time of independence, the status of
Indian economy was poor and backward.  So, we adopted planning
as one of our approaches to economic development.  The anti Indian
Policy of the British rule was the main reason for the backwardness of
the Indian economy .  Hence, the planning in India aimed to channelise
the country’s resources in different developmental activities.
Plan Periods
The Government of India appointed a Planning Commission in 1950
to prepare a blue print for the development, taking an overall view of
the needs and resources of the country.  The then Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru was its first Chairman.  The Planning Commission
fixed the planning period as five years.  Since, then nine FiveY ear
Plans were implemented. All these plans have objectives.  They are:
(i) High rate of growth
(ii) Promotion of social justice
(iii)Self-reliance
(iv)Increasing the employment opportunities.
Almost all the plans have successfully implemented these objectives
and thereby enhanced the status of the economy of our country .
Industries:
The important aspect of economic development is the expansion of
Industrialisation.  Since T amil Nadu is an agricultural state, priority for
Industrial development was given only during the Second Five Y ear
Plan.  R.V enkataraman (Former President of India), the then minister
for Industries in the Kamaraj Ministry took pioneering steps to make
T amil Nadu as one of the top most industrial states in India.
Heavy Industries: W ith the dawn of planning the tempo of industrial
development especially the heavy industries received momentum not
only in India but also in T amil Nadu.  The most popular heavy industries
Coimbatore is called the Manchester of  South India.
in Tamil Nadu are Iron and Steel, Cotton textiles, Sugar and Cement
etc. The cotton textile industries at Coimbatore, Ambattur and
Ambasamudram were prominent. The Cotton T extile industry is one
of the oldest industries of the state.
Page 3


60
Plan Period
I Five year plan 1951-56
II Five year Plan 1956-61
III Five year plan 1961-66
Annual plans 1967-69
IV Five year Plan 1969-73
V Five year Plan 1974-79
VI Five year Plan 1980-85
VII Five year Plan 1985-90
VIII Five year Plan 1992-97
IX Five year Plan 1997-2002
X Five year Plan 2002-2007*
*Is under Progress
61
Economic development is an important  continuous process in the
progress of the country.  At the time of independence, the status of
Indian economy was poor and backward.  So, we adopted planning
as one of our approaches to economic development.  The anti Indian
Policy of the British rule was the main reason for the backwardness of
the Indian economy .  Hence, the planning in India aimed to channelise
the country’s resources in different developmental activities.
Plan Periods
The Government of India appointed a Planning Commission in 1950
to prepare a blue print for the development, taking an overall view of
the needs and resources of the country.  The then Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru was its first Chairman.  The Planning Commission
fixed the planning period as five years.  Since, then nine FiveY ear
Plans were implemented. All these plans have objectives.  They are:
(i) High rate of growth
(ii) Promotion of social justice
(iii)Self-reliance
(iv)Increasing the employment opportunities.
Almost all the plans have successfully implemented these objectives
and thereby enhanced the status of the economy of our country .
Industries:
The important aspect of economic development is the expansion of
Industrialisation.  Since T amil Nadu is an agricultural state, priority for
Industrial development was given only during the Second Five Y ear
Plan.  R.V enkataraman (Former President of India), the then minister
for Industries in the Kamaraj Ministry took pioneering steps to make
T amil Nadu as one of the top most industrial states in India.
Heavy Industries: W ith the dawn of planning the tempo of industrial
development especially the heavy industries received momentum not
only in India but also in T amil Nadu.  The most popular heavy industries
Coimbatore is called the Manchester of  South India.
in Tamil Nadu are Iron and Steel, Cotton textiles, Sugar and Cement
etc. The cotton textile industries at Coimbatore, Ambattur and
Ambasamudram were prominent. The Cotton T extile industry is one
of the oldest industries of the state.
60
Plan Period
I Five year plan 1951-56
II Five year Plan 1956-61
III Five year plan 1961-66
Annual plans 1967-69
IV Five year Plan 1969-73
V Five year Plan 1974-79
VI Five year Plan 1980-85
VII Five year Plan 1985-90
VIII Five year Plan 1992-97
IX Five year Plan 1997-2002
X Five year Plan 2002-2007*
*Is under Progress
61
Economic development is an important  continuous process in the
progress of the country.  At the time of independence, the status of
Indian economy was poor and backward.  So, we adopted planning
as one of our approaches to economic development.  The anti Indian
Policy of the British rule was the main reason for the backwardness of
the Indian economy .  Hence, the planning in India aimed to channelise
the country’s resources in different developmental activities.
Plan Periods
The Government of India appointed a Planning Commission in 1950
to prepare a blue print for the development, taking an overall view of
the needs and resources of the country.  The then Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru was its first Chairman.  The Planning Commission
fixed the planning period as five years.  Since, then nine FiveY ear
Plans were implemented. All these plans have objectives.  They are:
(i) High rate of growth
(ii) Promotion of social justice
(iii)Self-reliance
(iv)Increasing the employment opportunities.
Almost all the plans have successfully implemented these objectives
and thereby enhanced the status of the economy of our country .
Industries:
The important aspect of economic development is the expansion of
Industrialisation.  Since T amil Nadu is an agricultural state, priority for
Industrial development was given only during the Second Five Y ear
Plan.  R.V enkataraman (Former President of India), the then minister
for Industries in the Kamaraj Ministry took pioneering steps to make
T amil Nadu as one of the top most industrial states in India.
Heavy Industries: W ith the dawn of planning the tempo of industrial
development especially the heavy industries received momentum not
only in India but also in T amil Nadu.  The most popular heavy industries
Coimbatore is called the Manchester of  South India.
in Tamil Nadu are Iron and Steel, Cotton textiles, Sugar and Cement
etc. The cotton textile industries at Coimbatore, Ambattur and
Ambasamudram were prominent. The Cotton T extile industry is one
of the oldest industries of the state.
Chennai is called the Detroit of T amilnadu
In order to encourage the small scale industries, the Government of
T amilnadu  established some of the corporations like State Industries
Promotion Corporation Of Tamilnadu (SIPCOT), Small Industrial
Development Corporation (SIDCO) Tamilnadu Industrial
Development Corporation, (TIDCO) and Tamilnadu Industrial
Investment Credit Corporation (TIIC).  Thus, the industrial
development in Tamilnadu made the state as one of the most
industrialised states in India.
Project Location Y ear of
Establishment
(i) Integral Perambur,                   1955
Coach Factory Madras
(ii) Neyveli Lignite Neyveli 1956
 Corporation
(iii) Hindustan Madras 1960
T eleprinters Ltd
(iv) Hindustan Photo Udhagamandalam 1960
Films
(v) Bharath Heavy T irchirapalli 1960
Electronics
(vi) Heavy V ehicles A vadi, Madras 1961
 Factory
(vii) Madras Refineries Manali, Madras 1965
 Ltd.
(viii) Steel Authority Salem 1977
of India ltd.
62 63
Another ancient industry is the sugar industry which enhance the
national income of the country.  The important sugar factories are
situated at Nellikuppam, Trichy, Coimbatore, Madurai, Tanjavur,
Villupuram, Moganoor etc.  At present there are 37 sugar factories in
the state.  With the development of Paper Mills, Printing machines
started progressing.  Paper Mills at Sivaganga, Theni, Thirunelveli,
Pugaloor are noteworthy.  The  Cement industries are found in the
areas where lime stone is found in abundance.  Cement is an essential
commodity which is used for the construction purpose such as house
buildings, bridges, dams, etc.  The most famous cement industries in
the state are the Sankar Cement in Thazhayuthu, Madukarai Cement,
Chettinad Cement and Dalmia Cement at Dalmiapuram.
During 1970’s the above traditional industries lost their importance.
But industries like Chemicals, Fertilizers, machine tools and transport
equipments started flourishing in T amilnadu.  The chemical industries
manufacture fertilizers and pesticides.  The famous chemical industries
are at Ranipet, Thiruvallur, and Tuticorin.  The machines and machine
tools are produced by the Metal Industries at Salem, Tanjore,
Karaikudi and Chennai.  There are number of vehicle industries in
Chennai, important among them are TVS, Ashok Leyland, Hyundai,
Mahindra Ford etc.,
Cottage and Small Scale Industries: The Cottage and small scale
industries hold a very important place in our economy.   Cottage
industries are mostly traditional, producing  traditional products by
employing traditional methods.  The small scale industries are identified
on the basis of capital investment.  The most popular small scale and
cottage industries in T amilnadu are Match box industry , Coir industry ,
Palm industry , Khadi industry etc.  They are set up in Chennai, Ranipet,
Arakonam, Sivakasi, Karaikudi, Trichy , Hosur, Marthandam etc.
T amilnadu occupies the second position after Maharashtra in the field
of Industrial development in India.
Following are the most popular industries establsihed by the Central
Government in T amilnadu.
Electricity: The history of power generation in T amilnadu received
importance during the Second and Third plan periods.  The T amilnadu
Page 4


60
Plan Period
I Five year plan 1951-56
II Five year Plan 1956-61
III Five year plan 1961-66
Annual plans 1967-69
IV Five year Plan 1969-73
V Five year Plan 1974-79
VI Five year Plan 1980-85
VII Five year Plan 1985-90
VIII Five year Plan 1992-97
IX Five year Plan 1997-2002
X Five year Plan 2002-2007*
*Is under Progress
61
Economic development is an important  continuous process in the
progress of the country.  At the time of independence, the status of
Indian economy was poor and backward.  So, we adopted planning
as one of our approaches to economic development.  The anti Indian
Policy of the British rule was the main reason for the backwardness of
the Indian economy .  Hence, the planning in India aimed to channelise
the country’s resources in different developmental activities.
Plan Periods
The Government of India appointed a Planning Commission in 1950
to prepare a blue print for the development, taking an overall view of
the needs and resources of the country.  The then Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru was its first Chairman.  The Planning Commission
fixed the planning period as five years.  Since, then nine FiveY ear
Plans were implemented. All these plans have objectives.  They are:
(i) High rate of growth
(ii) Promotion of social justice
(iii)Self-reliance
(iv)Increasing the employment opportunities.
Almost all the plans have successfully implemented these objectives
and thereby enhanced the status of the economy of our country .
Industries:
The important aspect of economic development is the expansion of
Industrialisation.  Since T amil Nadu is an agricultural state, priority for
Industrial development was given only during the Second Five Y ear
Plan.  R.V enkataraman (Former President of India), the then minister
for Industries in the Kamaraj Ministry took pioneering steps to make
T amil Nadu as one of the top most industrial states in India.
Heavy Industries: W ith the dawn of planning the tempo of industrial
development especially the heavy industries received momentum not
only in India but also in T amil Nadu.  The most popular heavy industries
Coimbatore is called the Manchester of  South India.
in Tamil Nadu are Iron and Steel, Cotton textiles, Sugar and Cement
etc. The cotton textile industries at Coimbatore, Ambattur and
Ambasamudram were prominent. The Cotton T extile industry is one
of the oldest industries of the state.
60
Plan Period
I Five year plan 1951-56
II Five year Plan 1956-61
III Five year plan 1961-66
Annual plans 1967-69
IV Five year Plan 1969-73
V Five year Plan 1974-79
VI Five year Plan 1980-85
VII Five year Plan 1985-90
VIII Five year Plan 1992-97
IX Five year Plan 1997-2002
X Five year Plan 2002-2007*
*Is under Progress
61
Economic development is an important  continuous process in the
progress of the country.  At the time of independence, the status of
Indian economy was poor and backward.  So, we adopted planning
as one of our approaches to economic development.  The anti Indian
Policy of the British rule was the main reason for the backwardness of
the Indian economy .  Hence, the planning in India aimed to channelise
the country’s resources in different developmental activities.
Plan Periods
The Government of India appointed a Planning Commission in 1950
to prepare a blue print for the development, taking an overall view of
the needs and resources of the country.  The then Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru was its first Chairman.  The Planning Commission
fixed the planning period as five years.  Since, then nine FiveY ear
Plans were implemented. All these plans have objectives.  They are:
(i) High rate of growth
(ii) Promotion of social justice
(iii)Self-reliance
(iv)Increasing the employment opportunities.
Almost all the plans have successfully implemented these objectives
and thereby enhanced the status of the economy of our country .
Industries:
The important aspect of economic development is the expansion of
Industrialisation.  Since T amil Nadu is an agricultural state, priority for
Industrial development was given only during the Second Five Y ear
Plan.  R.V enkataraman (Former President of India), the then minister
for Industries in the Kamaraj Ministry took pioneering steps to make
T amil Nadu as one of the top most industrial states in India.
Heavy Industries: W ith the dawn of planning the tempo of industrial
development especially the heavy industries received momentum not
only in India but also in T amil Nadu.  The most popular heavy industries
Coimbatore is called the Manchester of  South India.
in Tamil Nadu are Iron and Steel, Cotton textiles, Sugar and Cement
etc. The cotton textile industries at Coimbatore, Ambattur and
Ambasamudram were prominent. The Cotton T extile industry is one
of the oldest industries of the state.
Chennai is called the Detroit of T amilnadu
In order to encourage the small scale industries, the Government of
T amilnadu  established some of the corporations like State Industries
Promotion Corporation Of Tamilnadu (SIPCOT), Small Industrial
Development Corporation (SIDCO) Tamilnadu Industrial
Development Corporation, (TIDCO) and Tamilnadu Industrial
Investment Credit Corporation (TIIC).  Thus, the industrial
development in Tamilnadu made the state as one of the most
industrialised states in India.
Project Location Y ear of
Establishment
(i) Integral Perambur,                   1955
Coach Factory Madras
(ii) Neyveli Lignite Neyveli 1956
 Corporation
(iii) Hindustan Madras 1960
T eleprinters Ltd
(iv) Hindustan Photo Udhagamandalam 1960
Films
(v) Bharath Heavy T irchirapalli 1960
Electronics
(vi) Heavy V ehicles A vadi, Madras 1961
 Factory
(vii) Madras Refineries Manali, Madras 1965
 Ltd.
(viii) Steel Authority Salem 1977
of India ltd.
62 63
Another ancient industry is the sugar industry which enhance the
national income of the country.  The important sugar factories are
situated at Nellikuppam, Trichy, Coimbatore, Madurai, Tanjavur,
Villupuram, Moganoor etc.  At present there are 37 sugar factories in
the state.  With the development of Paper Mills, Printing machines
started progressing.  Paper Mills at Sivaganga, Theni, Thirunelveli,
Pugaloor are noteworthy.  The  Cement industries are found in the
areas where lime stone is found in abundance.  Cement is an essential
commodity which is used for the construction purpose such as house
buildings, bridges, dams, etc.  The most famous cement industries in
the state are the Sankar Cement in Thazhayuthu, Madukarai Cement,
Chettinad Cement and Dalmia Cement at Dalmiapuram.
During 1970’s the above traditional industries lost their importance.
But industries like Chemicals, Fertilizers, machine tools and transport
equipments started flourishing in T amilnadu.  The chemical industries
manufacture fertilizers and pesticides.  The famous chemical industries
are at Ranipet, Thiruvallur, and Tuticorin.  The machines and machine
tools are produced by the Metal Industries at Salem, Tanjore,
Karaikudi and Chennai.  There are number of vehicle industries in
Chennai, important among them are TVS, Ashok Leyland, Hyundai,
Mahindra Ford etc.,
Cottage and Small Scale Industries: The Cottage and small scale
industries hold a very important place in our economy.   Cottage
industries are mostly traditional, producing  traditional products by
employing traditional methods.  The small scale industries are identified
on the basis of capital investment.  The most popular small scale and
cottage industries in T amilnadu are Match box industry , Coir industry ,
Palm industry , Khadi industry etc.  They are set up in Chennai, Ranipet,
Arakonam, Sivakasi, Karaikudi, Trichy , Hosur, Marthandam etc.
T amilnadu occupies the second position after Maharashtra in the field
of Industrial development in India.
Following are the most popular industries establsihed by the Central
Government in T amilnadu.
Electricity: The history of power generation in T amilnadu received
importance during the Second and Third plan periods.  The T amilnadu
Chennai is called the Detroit of T amilnadu
In order to encourage the small scale industries, the Government of
T amilnadu  established some of the corporations like State Industries
Promotion Corporation Of Tamilnadu (SIPCOT), Small Industrial
Development Corporation (SIDCO) Tamilnadu Industrial
Development Corporation, (TIDCO) and Tamilnadu Industrial
Investment Credit Corporation (TIIC).  Thus, the industrial
development in Tamilnadu made the state as one of the most
industrialised states in India.
Project Location Y ear of
Establishment
(i) Integral Perambur,                   1955
Coach Factory Madras
(ii) Neyveli Lignite Neyveli 1956
 Corporation
(iii) Hindustan Madras 1960
T eleprinters Ltd
(iv) Hindustan Photo Udhagamandalam 1960
Films
(v) Bharath Heavy T irchirapalli 1960
Electronics
(vi) Heavy V ehicles A vadi, Madras 1961
 Factory
(vii) Madras Refineries Manali, Madras 1965
 Ltd.
(viii) Steel Authority Salem 1977
of India ltd.
62 63
Another ancient industry is the sugar industry which enhance the
national income of the country.  The important sugar factories are
situated at Nellikuppam, Trichy, Coimbatore, Madurai, Tanjavur,
Villupuram, Moganoor etc.  At present there are 37 sugar factories in
the state.  With the development of Paper Mills, Printing machines
started progressing.  Paper Mills at Sivaganga, Theni, Thirunelveli,
Pugaloor are noteworthy.  The  Cement industries are found in the
areas where lime stone is found in abundance.  Cement is an essential
commodity which is used for the construction purpose such as house
buildings, bridges, dams, etc.  The most famous cement industries in
the state are the Sankar Cement in Thazhayuthu, Madukarai Cement,
Chettinad Cement and Dalmia Cement at Dalmiapuram.
During 1970’s the above traditional industries lost their importance.
But industries like Chemicals, Fertilizers, machine tools and transport
equipments started flourishing in T amilnadu.  The chemical industries
manufacture fertilizers and pesticides.  The famous chemical industries
are at Ranipet, Thiruvallur, and Tuticorin.  The machines and machine
tools are produced by the Metal Industries at Salem, Tanjore,
Karaikudi and Chennai.  There are number of vehicle industries in
Chennai, important among them are TVS, Ashok Leyland, Hyundai,
Mahindra Ford etc.,
Cottage and Small Scale Industries: The Cottage and small scale
industries hold a very important place in our economy.   Cottage
industries are mostly traditional, producing  traditional products by
employing traditional methods.  The small scale industries are identified
on the basis of capital investment.  The most popular small scale and
cottage industries in T amilnadu are Match box industry , Coir industry ,
Palm industry , Khadi industry etc.  They are set up in Chennai, Ranipet,
Arakonam, Sivakasi, Karaikudi, Trichy , Hosur, Marthandam etc.
T amilnadu occupies the second position after Maharashtra in the field
of Industrial development in India.
Following are the most popular industries establsihed by the Central
Government in T amilnadu.
Electricity: The history of power generation in T amilnadu received
importance during the Second and Third plan periods.  The T amilnadu
Page 5


60
Plan Period
I Five year plan 1951-56
II Five year Plan 1956-61
III Five year plan 1961-66
Annual plans 1967-69
IV Five year Plan 1969-73
V Five year Plan 1974-79
VI Five year Plan 1980-85
VII Five year Plan 1985-90
VIII Five year Plan 1992-97
IX Five year Plan 1997-2002
X Five year Plan 2002-2007*
*Is under Progress
61
Economic development is an important  continuous process in the
progress of the country.  At the time of independence, the status of
Indian economy was poor and backward.  So, we adopted planning
as one of our approaches to economic development.  The anti Indian
Policy of the British rule was the main reason for the backwardness of
the Indian economy .  Hence, the planning in India aimed to channelise
the country’s resources in different developmental activities.
Plan Periods
The Government of India appointed a Planning Commission in 1950
to prepare a blue print for the development, taking an overall view of
the needs and resources of the country.  The then Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru was its first Chairman.  The Planning Commission
fixed the planning period as five years.  Since, then nine FiveY ear
Plans were implemented. All these plans have objectives.  They are:
(i) High rate of growth
(ii) Promotion of social justice
(iii)Self-reliance
(iv)Increasing the employment opportunities.
Almost all the plans have successfully implemented these objectives
and thereby enhanced the status of the economy of our country .
Industries:
The important aspect of economic development is the expansion of
Industrialisation.  Since T amil Nadu is an agricultural state, priority for
Industrial development was given only during the Second Five Y ear
Plan.  R.V enkataraman (Former President of India), the then minister
for Industries in the Kamaraj Ministry took pioneering steps to make
T amil Nadu as one of the top most industrial states in India.
Heavy Industries: W ith the dawn of planning the tempo of industrial
development especially the heavy industries received momentum not
only in India but also in T amil Nadu.  The most popular heavy industries
Coimbatore is called the Manchester of  South India.
in Tamil Nadu are Iron and Steel, Cotton textiles, Sugar and Cement
etc. The cotton textile industries at Coimbatore, Ambattur and
Ambasamudram were prominent. The Cotton T extile industry is one
of the oldest industries of the state.
60
Plan Period
I Five year plan 1951-56
II Five year Plan 1956-61
III Five year plan 1961-66
Annual plans 1967-69
IV Five year Plan 1969-73
V Five year Plan 1974-79
VI Five year Plan 1980-85
VII Five year Plan 1985-90
VIII Five year Plan 1992-97
IX Five year Plan 1997-2002
X Five year Plan 2002-2007*
*Is under Progress
61
Economic development is an important  continuous process in the
progress of the country.  At the time of independence, the status of
Indian economy was poor and backward.  So, we adopted planning
as one of our approaches to economic development.  The anti Indian
Policy of the British rule was the main reason for the backwardness of
the Indian economy .  Hence, the planning in India aimed to channelise
the country’s resources in different developmental activities.
Plan Periods
The Government of India appointed a Planning Commission in 1950
to prepare a blue print for the development, taking an overall view of
the needs and resources of the country.  The then Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru was its first Chairman.  The Planning Commission
fixed the planning period as five years.  Since, then nine FiveY ear
Plans were implemented. All these plans have objectives.  They are:
(i) High rate of growth
(ii) Promotion of social justice
(iii)Self-reliance
(iv)Increasing the employment opportunities.
Almost all the plans have successfully implemented these objectives
and thereby enhanced the status of the economy of our country .
Industries:
The important aspect of economic development is the expansion of
Industrialisation.  Since T amil Nadu is an agricultural state, priority for
Industrial development was given only during the Second Five Y ear
Plan.  R.V enkataraman (Former President of India), the then minister
for Industries in the Kamaraj Ministry took pioneering steps to make
T amil Nadu as one of the top most industrial states in India.
Heavy Industries: W ith the dawn of planning the tempo of industrial
development especially the heavy industries received momentum not
only in India but also in T amil Nadu.  The most popular heavy industries
Coimbatore is called the Manchester of  South India.
in Tamil Nadu are Iron and Steel, Cotton textiles, Sugar and Cement
etc. The cotton textile industries at Coimbatore, Ambattur and
Ambasamudram were prominent. The Cotton T extile industry is one
of the oldest industries of the state.
Chennai is called the Detroit of T amilnadu
In order to encourage the small scale industries, the Government of
T amilnadu  established some of the corporations like State Industries
Promotion Corporation Of Tamilnadu (SIPCOT), Small Industrial
Development Corporation (SIDCO) Tamilnadu Industrial
Development Corporation, (TIDCO) and Tamilnadu Industrial
Investment Credit Corporation (TIIC).  Thus, the industrial
development in Tamilnadu made the state as one of the most
industrialised states in India.
Project Location Y ear of
Establishment
(i) Integral Perambur,                   1955
Coach Factory Madras
(ii) Neyveli Lignite Neyveli 1956
 Corporation
(iii) Hindustan Madras 1960
T eleprinters Ltd
(iv) Hindustan Photo Udhagamandalam 1960
Films
(v) Bharath Heavy T irchirapalli 1960
Electronics
(vi) Heavy V ehicles A vadi, Madras 1961
 Factory
(vii) Madras Refineries Manali, Madras 1965
 Ltd.
(viii) Steel Authority Salem 1977
of India ltd.
62 63
Another ancient industry is the sugar industry which enhance the
national income of the country.  The important sugar factories are
situated at Nellikuppam, Trichy, Coimbatore, Madurai, Tanjavur,
Villupuram, Moganoor etc.  At present there are 37 sugar factories in
the state.  With the development of Paper Mills, Printing machines
started progressing.  Paper Mills at Sivaganga, Theni, Thirunelveli,
Pugaloor are noteworthy.  The  Cement industries are found in the
areas where lime stone is found in abundance.  Cement is an essential
commodity which is used for the construction purpose such as house
buildings, bridges, dams, etc.  The most famous cement industries in
the state are the Sankar Cement in Thazhayuthu, Madukarai Cement,
Chettinad Cement and Dalmia Cement at Dalmiapuram.
During 1970’s the above traditional industries lost their importance.
But industries like Chemicals, Fertilizers, machine tools and transport
equipments started flourishing in T amilnadu.  The chemical industries
manufacture fertilizers and pesticides.  The famous chemical industries
are at Ranipet, Thiruvallur, and Tuticorin.  The machines and machine
tools are produced by the Metal Industries at Salem, Tanjore,
Karaikudi and Chennai.  There are number of vehicle industries in
Chennai, important among them are TVS, Ashok Leyland, Hyundai,
Mahindra Ford etc.,
Cottage and Small Scale Industries: The Cottage and small scale
industries hold a very important place in our economy.   Cottage
industries are mostly traditional, producing  traditional products by
employing traditional methods.  The small scale industries are identified
on the basis of capital investment.  The most popular small scale and
cottage industries in T amilnadu are Match box industry , Coir industry ,
Palm industry , Khadi industry etc.  They are set up in Chennai, Ranipet,
Arakonam, Sivakasi, Karaikudi, Trichy , Hosur, Marthandam etc.
T amilnadu occupies the second position after Maharashtra in the field
of Industrial development in India.
Following are the most popular industries establsihed by the Central
Government in T amilnadu.
Electricity: The history of power generation in T amilnadu received
importance during the Second and Third plan periods.  The T amilnadu
Chennai is called the Detroit of T amilnadu
In order to encourage the small scale industries, the Government of
T amilnadu  established some of the corporations like State Industries
Promotion Corporation Of Tamilnadu (SIPCOT), Small Industrial
Development Corporation (SIDCO) Tamilnadu Industrial
Development Corporation, (TIDCO) and Tamilnadu Industrial
Investment Credit Corporation (TIIC).  Thus, the industrial
development in Tamilnadu made the state as one of the most
industrialised states in India.
Project Location Y ear of
Establishment
(i) Integral Perambur,                   1955
Coach Factory Madras
(ii) Neyveli Lignite Neyveli 1956
 Corporation
(iii) Hindustan Madras 1960
T eleprinters Ltd
(iv) Hindustan Photo Udhagamandalam 1960
Films
(v) Bharath Heavy T irchirapalli 1960
Electronics
(vi) Heavy V ehicles A vadi, Madras 1961
 Factory
(vii) Madras Refineries Manali, Madras 1965
 Ltd.
(viii) Steel Authority Salem 1977
of India ltd.
62 63
Another ancient industry is the sugar industry which enhance the
national income of the country.  The important sugar factories are
situated at Nellikuppam, Trichy, Coimbatore, Madurai, Tanjavur,
Villupuram, Moganoor etc.  At present there are 37 sugar factories in
the state.  With the development of Paper Mills, Printing machines
started progressing.  Paper Mills at Sivaganga, Theni, Thirunelveli,
Pugaloor are noteworthy.  The  Cement industries are found in the
areas where lime stone is found in abundance.  Cement is an essential
commodity which is used for the construction purpose such as house
buildings, bridges, dams, etc.  The most famous cement industries in
the state are the Sankar Cement in Thazhayuthu, Madukarai Cement,
Chettinad Cement and Dalmia Cement at Dalmiapuram.
During 1970’s the above traditional industries lost their importance.
But industries like Chemicals, Fertilizers, machine tools and transport
equipments started flourishing in T amilnadu.  The chemical industries
manufacture fertilizers and pesticides.  The famous chemical industries
are at Ranipet, Thiruvallur, and Tuticorin.  The machines and machine
tools are produced by the Metal Industries at Salem, Tanjore,
Karaikudi and Chennai.  There are number of vehicle industries in
Chennai, important among them are TVS, Ashok Leyland, Hyundai,
Mahindra Ford etc.,
Cottage and Small Scale Industries: The Cottage and small scale
industries hold a very important place in our economy.   Cottage
industries are mostly traditional, producing  traditional products by
employing traditional methods.  The small scale industries are identified
on the basis of capital investment.  The most popular small scale and
cottage industries in T amilnadu are Match box industry , Coir industry ,
Palm industry , Khadi industry etc.  They are set up in Chennai, Ranipet,
Arakonam, Sivakasi, Karaikudi, Trichy , Hosur, Marthandam etc.
T amilnadu occupies the second position after Maharashtra in the field
of Industrial development in India.
Following are the most popular industries establsihed by the Central
Government in T amilnadu.
Electricity: The history of power generation in T amilnadu received
importance during the Second and Third plan periods.  The T amilnadu
64
65
Electricity Board was formed on 1
st
 July , 1957 as a statutory authority
under the Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948.  It took over the functions of
generation and distribution of power.  A number of sizeable new
projects such as Kundah (Hydro), Ennore, (Thermal) Mettur (Hydro)
and Neyveli (Thermal),Papanasam (Hydro), Pykara (Hydro) and
Kalpakkam (Atomic) were established.  More than 75% of the
households in Tamilnadu use electricity as a source of light.   The
urbanised districts like Chennai, Kancheepuram and Coimbatore have
returned higher proportion of electrified households.  At present more
than 21 power projects exist in Tamilnadu.  The power is used for
various purposes -domestic .industrial agricultural and water supply .
T rade and Commerce: The development of trade and commerce
is one of the indicator of economic growth of a country .  There exists
two types of trade.  If the goods and services are exchanged within
the same political boundaries it is called internal trade. On the other
hand, if the goods and services are exchanged beyond the political
boundaries of countries or when it is among different nations of the
world, it is called International trade.   The most important exports of
Tamilnadu are raw materials, cotton and silk clothes, spare parts,
vegetables, rice, consumables, packing materials,milk products etc.
Some of the important imports are non-electrical machinery , petroleum,
and allied products, pharmaceuticals machine tools etc.
The Governemnt of T amilnadu has formed the Madras Chamber of
Commerce in 1836, which became the Madras Chamber of
Commerce Industry (MCCI) in 1966.  This attempts to promote trade
and commerce in the state to cope with the demands of the global
market.   In this connection, the State Trading Corportaion (STC)
was set up in 1956.  The Government of T amilnadu adopted the open
door policy to foreign investments into the state.
Madras Export Processing Zone (MEPZ) is one of the seven export
processing zones set up by the Indian Government in Chennai