Energy - Sources & Types | Physics for JAMB PDF Download

Sources of Energy

Energy is the driving force behind various activities in our daily lives. There are several sources of energy, each with its own characteristics and applications. Let's explore some of the major sources of energy:

• Fossil Fuels: Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. The three primary types of fossil fuels are coal, crude oil (petroleum), and natural gas. These fuels have been the backbone of global energy consumption for many years due to their high energy density and easy accessibility. However, they are non-renewable resources and their extraction and combustion contribute to environmental issues such as air pollution and climate change.
• Nuclear Energy: Nuclear energy is obtained through nuclear reactions, specifically nuclear fission or fusion. In nuclear fission, the nucleus of an atom is split into smaller fragments, releasing a tremendous amount of energy. This energy is harnessed in nuclear power plants to generate electricity. Nuclear energy provides a significant amount of electricity globally and is considered a low-carbon energy source. However, concerns about radioactive waste disposal and the potential for accidents limit its widespread adoption.
• Renewable Energy: Renewable energy sources are derived from natural processes that are continuously replenished, making them sustainable over the long term. The primary renewable energy sources include:
  • Solar Energy: Solar power harnesses energy from the sun using photovoltaic cells or solar thermal systems. It is a clean and abundant source of energy that can be used for electricity generation and heating.
  • Wind Energy: Wind turbines capture the kinetic energy of the wind and convert it into electricity. Wind power is a rapidly growing renewable energy source, with large wind farms being established worldwide.
  • Hydropower: Hydropower utilizes the energy of flowing or falling water to generate electricity. It is one of the oldest forms of renewable energy and is commonly harnessed through dams or tidal power plants.
  • Biomass: Biomass energy is derived from organic matter, such as plants and agricultural waste. It can be used for heating, electricity generation, and biofuel production.
  • Geothermal Energy: Geothermal energy taps into the heat stored beneath the Earth's surface to generate electricity or provide direct heating and cooling.

Renewable and Non-renewable Energy

• Renewable Energy: Renewable energy sources have the advantage of being naturally replenished and producing minimal greenhouse gas emissions. They include solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal energy. These sources are considered sustainable and have the potential to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, combat climate change, and promote a cleaner environment.
• Non-renewable Energy: Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal and crude oil, are finite and take millions of years to form. They cannot be replenished within a human lifetime. These sources release significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants when burned, contributing to air pollution and climate change. While non-renewable energy has played a crucial role in powering industrialization and modern society, there is a growing urgency to transition towards cleaner and more sustainable alternatives.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding the various sources of energy is essential for making informed decisions about energy production, consumption, and environmental impact. Transitioning towards renewable energy sources is a key step in achieving a sustainable and greener future.