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GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 1/5 
Q. 1 – Q. 9 carry one mark each & Q. 10 – Q. 22 carry two marks each. 
 
Q.1  The most abundant gas in the atmosphere among inert gases is 
(A) Helium (B) Argon (C)  Neon (D)  Krypton 
 
 
Q.2  The pair of variables that always exhibit monotonic decrease with height in the atmosphere 
is 
(A) Pressure, Temperature (B) Pressure, Ozone concentration 
(C) Air Density, Pressure (D) Temperature, Water Vapour 
 
 
Q.3  Correct order of the maximum vertical extent of atmospheric circulation cells is 
(A) Hadley > Ferrel > Polar (B) Polar > Hadley > Ferrel 
(C) Hadley > Polar > Ferrel (D) Ferrel > Hadley > Polar 
   
 
Q.4  Analysis of an atmospheric variable shows prominent modes at 5, 40 and 1460 days. These 
modes correspond respectively to 
(A) Tidal, MJO and ENSO (B) Synoptic, MJO and ENSO 
(C) Synoptic, MJO and Decadal (D) Tidal, Milankhovich and ENSO 
 
 
Q.5  Atmospheric vertical profile of temperature is measured by radiosonde. Equivalent 
instruments for measuring ocean temperature profile among the following are: 
(P) drifting buoy  (Q) ARGO float    (R) current mooring    (S) XBT 
(A) Q, R, S (B) Q, S (C)  R, S (D)  P, R, S 
 
 
Q.6  When deep water sinks in the North Atlantic and moves away from where it formed, it gets 
(A) richer in oxygen and nutrients 
(B) less acidic and richer in metals 
(C) richer in CO2 and poorer in O2 
(D) richer in CO2 and O2 
 
 
Q.7  The speed of sound in the ocean depends on 
(A) temperature alone 
(B) temperature and pressure 
(C) temperature and salinity 
(D) temperature, salinity and pressure 
 
 
Page 2


GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 1/5 
Q. 1 – Q. 9 carry one mark each & Q. 10 – Q. 22 carry two marks each. 
 
Q.1  The most abundant gas in the atmosphere among inert gases is 
(A) Helium (B) Argon (C)  Neon (D)  Krypton 
 
 
Q.2  The pair of variables that always exhibit monotonic decrease with height in the atmosphere 
is 
(A) Pressure, Temperature (B) Pressure, Ozone concentration 
(C) Air Density, Pressure (D) Temperature, Water Vapour 
 
 
Q.3  Correct order of the maximum vertical extent of atmospheric circulation cells is 
(A) Hadley > Ferrel > Polar (B) Polar > Hadley > Ferrel 
(C) Hadley > Polar > Ferrel (D) Ferrel > Hadley > Polar 
   
 
Q.4  Analysis of an atmospheric variable shows prominent modes at 5, 40 and 1460 days. These 
modes correspond respectively to 
(A) Tidal, MJO and ENSO (B) Synoptic, MJO and ENSO 
(C) Synoptic, MJO and Decadal (D) Tidal, Milankhovich and ENSO 
 
 
Q.5  Atmospheric vertical profile of temperature is measured by radiosonde. Equivalent 
instruments for measuring ocean temperature profile among the following are: 
(P) drifting buoy  (Q) ARGO float    (R) current mooring    (S) XBT 
(A) Q, R, S (B) Q, S (C)  R, S (D)  P, R, S 
 
 
Q.6  When deep water sinks in the North Atlantic and moves away from where it formed, it gets 
(A) richer in oxygen and nutrients 
(B) less acidic and richer in metals 
(C) richer in CO2 and poorer in O2 
(D) richer in CO2 and O2 
 
 
Q.7  The speed of sound in the ocean depends on 
(A) temperature alone 
(B) temperature and pressure 
(C) temperature and salinity 
(D) temperature, salinity and pressure 
 
 
GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 2/5 
 
Q.8  In a numerical weather prediction model with a horizontal grid resolution of 50 km, 
convective cloud processes are parameterized, because 
(A) Cloud physics is not known for modelling 
(B) Models cannot handle phase change  
(C) Cloud size is larger than the grid size 
(D) Cloud size is much smaller than the grid size 
 
 
Q.9  Figure below shows SST anomaly (in °C). It is associated with the phenomenon known as    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(A) El Nino (B) Indian Ocean dipole 
(C) La Nina (D) MJO 
 
  
Page 3


GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 1/5 
Q. 1 – Q. 9 carry one mark each & Q. 10 – Q. 22 carry two marks each. 
 
Q.1  The most abundant gas in the atmosphere among inert gases is 
(A) Helium (B) Argon (C)  Neon (D)  Krypton 
 
 
Q.2  The pair of variables that always exhibit monotonic decrease with height in the atmosphere 
is 
(A) Pressure, Temperature (B) Pressure, Ozone concentration 
(C) Air Density, Pressure (D) Temperature, Water Vapour 
 
 
Q.3  Correct order of the maximum vertical extent of atmospheric circulation cells is 
(A) Hadley > Ferrel > Polar (B) Polar > Hadley > Ferrel 
(C) Hadley > Polar > Ferrel (D) Ferrel > Hadley > Polar 
   
 
Q.4  Analysis of an atmospheric variable shows prominent modes at 5, 40 and 1460 days. These 
modes correspond respectively to 
(A) Tidal, MJO and ENSO (B) Synoptic, MJO and ENSO 
(C) Synoptic, MJO and Decadal (D) Tidal, Milankhovich and ENSO 
 
 
Q.5  Atmospheric vertical profile of temperature is measured by radiosonde. Equivalent 
instruments for measuring ocean temperature profile among the following are: 
(P) drifting buoy  (Q) ARGO float    (R) current mooring    (S) XBT 
(A) Q, R, S (B) Q, S (C)  R, S (D)  P, R, S 
 
 
Q.6  When deep water sinks in the North Atlantic and moves away from where it formed, it gets 
(A) richer in oxygen and nutrients 
(B) less acidic and richer in metals 
(C) richer in CO2 and poorer in O2 
(D) richer in CO2 and O2 
 
 
Q.7  The speed of sound in the ocean depends on 
(A) temperature alone 
(B) temperature and pressure 
(C) temperature and salinity 
(D) temperature, salinity and pressure 
 
 
GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 2/5 
 
Q.8  In a numerical weather prediction model with a horizontal grid resolution of 50 km, 
convective cloud processes are parameterized, because 
(A) Cloud physics is not known for modelling 
(B) Models cannot handle phase change  
(C) Cloud size is larger than the grid size 
(D) Cloud size is much smaller than the grid size 
 
 
Q.9  Figure below shows SST anomaly (in °C). It is associated with the phenomenon known as    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(A) El Nino (B) Indian Ocean dipole 
(C) La Nina (D) MJO 
 
  
GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 3/5 
 
 
 
Q.10  For an inviscid and barotropic ocean of constant depth (D), a water parcel with initial 
vorticity 2 ? is displaced from the equator to the north pole. Latitudinal variation of the 
parcel vorticity ( ? ) is well represented by the curve 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(A) S (B) Q (C)  P (D)  R 
 
 
Q.11  A wave progresses up an estuary of decreasing water depth. If friction is neglected, then 
(A) wave amplitude decreases and wave length increases 
(B) wave amplitude increases and wave length decreases 
(C) wave amplitude decreases and wave length decreases 
(D) wave amplitude increases and wave length increases 
 
 
Q.12  In the Ekman flow limit, directions of ocean surface current and the geostrophic wind are 
(A) the same 
(B) surface current is 45
o
 to the left of the geostrophic wind 
(C) surface current is 45
o
 to the right of the geostrophic wind 
(D) exactly opposite to each other 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 4


GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 1/5 
Q. 1 – Q. 9 carry one mark each & Q. 10 – Q. 22 carry two marks each. 
 
Q.1  The most abundant gas in the atmosphere among inert gases is 
(A) Helium (B) Argon (C)  Neon (D)  Krypton 
 
 
Q.2  The pair of variables that always exhibit monotonic decrease with height in the atmosphere 
is 
(A) Pressure, Temperature (B) Pressure, Ozone concentration 
(C) Air Density, Pressure (D) Temperature, Water Vapour 
 
 
Q.3  Correct order of the maximum vertical extent of atmospheric circulation cells is 
(A) Hadley > Ferrel > Polar (B) Polar > Hadley > Ferrel 
(C) Hadley > Polar > Ferrel (D) Ferrel > Hadley > Polar 
   
 
Q.4  Analysis of an atmospheric variable shows prominent modes at 5, 40 and 1460 days. These 
modes correspond respectively to 
(A) Tidal, MJO and ENSO (B) Synoptic, MJO and ENSO 
(C) Synoptic, MJO and Decadal (D) Tidal, Milankhovich and ENSO 
 
 
Q.5  Atmospheric vertical profile of temperature is measured by radiosonde. Equivalent 
instruments for measuring ocean temperature profile among the following are: 
(P) drifting buoy  (Q) ARGO float    (R) current mooring    (S) XBT 
(A) Q, R, S (B) Q, S (C)  R, S (D)  P, R, S 
 
 
Q.6  When deep water sinks in the North Atlantic and moves away from where it formed, it gets 
(A) richer in oxygen and nutrients 
(B) less acidic and richer in metals 
(C) richer in CO2 and poorer in O2 
(D) richer in CO2 and O2 
 
 
Q.7  The speed of sound in the ocean depends on 
(A) temperature alone 
(B) temperature and pressure 
(C) temperature and salinity 
(D) temperature, salinity and pressure 
 
 
GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 2/5 
 
Q.8  In a numerical weather prediction model with a horizontal grid resolution of 50 km, 
convective cloud processes are parameterized, because 
(A) Cloud physics is not known for modelling 
(B) Models cannot handle phase change  
(C) Cloud size is larger than the grid size 
(D) Cloud size is much smaller than the grid size 
 
 
Q.9  Figure below shows SST anomaly (in °C). It is associated with the phenomenon known as    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(A) El Nino (B) Indian Ocean dipole 
(C) La Nina (D) MJO 
 
  
GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 3/5 
 
 
 
Q.10  For an inviscid and barotropic ocean of constant depth (D), a water parcel with initial 
vorticity 2 ? is displaced from the equator to the north pole. Latitudinal variation of the 
parcel vorticity ( ? ) is well represented by the curve 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(A) S (B) Q (C)  P (D)  R 
 
 
Q.11  A wave progresses up an estuary of decreasing water depth. If friction is neglected, then 
(A) wave amplitude decreases and wave length increases 
(B) wave amplitude increases and wave length decreases 
(C) wave amplitude decreases and wave length decreases 
(D) wave amplitude increases and wave length increases 
 
 
Q.12  In the Ekman flow limit, directions of ocean surface current and the geostrophic wind are 
(A) the same 
(B) surface current is 45
o
 to the left of the geostrophic wind 
(C) surface current is 45
o
 to the right of the geostrophic wind 
(D) exactly opposite to each other 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 4/5 
 
Q.13      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                   P                                                Q 
 
  P and Q respectively describe flow fields corresponding to  
(A) Mid latitude Rossby and Polar gravity waves 
(B) Equatorial Rossby and Equatorial Kelvin waves 
(C) Midlatitude gravity and Polar Rossby waves 
(D) Equatorial Kelvin and Equatorial Rossby waves 
 
 
Q.14  On the summer solstice day, the maximum incident shortwave radiation at the top of the 
atmosphere over the equator (up to one decimal place) is __________ W m
–2
. (Take solar 
constant as 1368 W m
–2
). 
 
 
Q.15  In an isothermal atmosphere having a temperature of 15
o
C, the height at which pressure 
decreases to 1/10 of its value at the surface is  __________ km. (Give the answer to two 
decimal places.) Take g = 9.8 m s
–2
, gas constant R = 287 J kg
–1
 K
–1
 
 
 
Q.16  At 30°N and 700 hPa pressure level, wind field is in gradient balance. If the gradient wind 
speed is 50 m s
–1
 and radius of curvature of the flow is 50 km, the corresponding 
geostrophic wind speed is __________ m s
–1
. (Give the answer to one decimal place.) Take 
the angular velocity of the Earth as 7.3x10
–5
 s
–1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 5


GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 1/5 
Q. 1 – Q. 9 carry one mark each & Q. 10 – Q. 22 carry two marks each. 
 
Q.1  The most abundant gas in the atmosphere among inert gases is 
(A) Helium (B) Argon (C)  Neon (D)  Krypton 
 
 
Q.2  The pair of variables that always exhibit monotonic decrease with height in the atmosphere 
is 
(A) Pressure, Temperature (B) Pressure, Ozone concentration 
(C) Air Density, Pressure (D) Temperature, Water Vapour 
 
 
Q.3  Correct order of the maximum vertical extent of atmospheric circulation cells is 
(A) Hadley > Ferrel > Polar (B) Polar > Hadley > Ferrel 
(C) Hadley > Polar > Ferrel (D) Ferrel > Hadley > Polar 
   
 
Q.4  Analysis of an atmospheric variable shows prominent modes at 5, 40 and 1460 days. These 
modes correspond respectively to 
(A) Tidal, MJO and ENSO (B) Synoptic, MJO and ENSO 
(C) Synoptic, MJO and Decadal (D) Tidal, Milankhovich and ENSO 
 
 
Q.5  Atmospheric vertical profile of temperature is measured by radiosonde. Equivalent 
instruments for measuring ocean temperature profile among the following are: 
(P) drifting buoy  (Q) ARGO float    (R) current mooring    (S) XBT 
(A) Q, R, S (B) Q, S (C)  R, S (D)  P, R, S 
 
 
Q.6  When deep water sinks in the North Atlantic and moves away from where it formed, it gets 
(A) richer in oxygen and nutrients 
(B) less acidic and richer in metals 
(C) richer in CO2 and poorer in O2 
(D) richer in CO2 and O2 
 
 
Q.7  The speed of sound in the ocean depends on 
(A) temperature alone 
(B) temperature and pressure 
(C) temperature and salinity 
(D) temperature, salinity and pressure 
 
 
GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 2/5 
 
Q.8  In a numerical weather prediction model with a horizontal grid resolution of 50 km, 
convective cloud processes are parameterized, because 
(A) Cloud physics is not known for modelling 
(B) Models cannot handle phase change  
(C) Cloud size is larger than the grid size 
(D) Cloud size is much smaller than the grid size 
 
 
Q.9  Figure below shows SST anomaly (in °C). It is associated with the phenomenon known as    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(A) El Nino (B) Indian Ocean dipole 
(C) La Nina (D) MJO 
 
  
GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 3/5 
 
 
 
Q.10  For an inviscid and barotropic ocean of constant depth (D), a water parcel with initial 
vorticity 2 ? is displaced from the equator to the north pole. Latitudinal variation of the 
parcel vorticity ( ? ) is well represented by the curve 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(A) S (B) Q (C)  P (D)  R 
 
 
Q.11  A wave progresses up an estuary of decreasing water depth. If friction is neglected, then 
(A) wave amplitude decreases and wave length increases 
(B) wave amplitude increases and wave length decreases 
(C) wave amplitude decreases and wave length decreases 
(D) wave amplitude increases and wave length increases 
 
 
Q.12  In the Ekman flow limit, directions of ocean surface current and the geostrophic wind are 
(A) the same 
(B) surface current is 45
o
 to the left of the geostrophic wind 
(C) surface current is 45
o
 to the right of the geostrophic wind 
(D) exactly opposite to each other 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 4/5 
 
Q.13      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                   P                                                Q 
 
  P and Q respectively describe flow fields corresponding to  
(A) Mid latitude Rossby and Polar gravity waves 
(B) Equatorial Rossby and Equatorial Kelvin waves 
(C) Midlatitude gravity and Polar Rossby waves 
(D) Equatorial Kelvin and Equatorial Rossby waves 
 
 
Q.14  On the summer solstice day, the maximum incident shortwave radiation at the top of the 
atmosphere over the equator (up to one decimal place) is __________ W m
–2
. (Take solar 
constant as 1368 W m
–2
). 
 
 
Q.15  In an isothermal atmosphere having a temperature of 15
o
C, the height at which pressure 
decreases to 1/10 of its value at the surface is  __________ km. (Give the answer to two 
decimal places.) Take g = 9.8 m s
–2
, gas constant R = 287 J kg
–1
 K
–1
 
 
 
Q.16  At 30°N and 700 hPa pressure level, wind field is in gradient balance. If the gradient wind 
speed is 50 m s
–1
 and radius of curvature of the flow is 50 km, the corresponding 
geostrophic wind speed is __________ m s
–1
. (Give the answer to one decimal place.) Take 
the angular velocity of the Earth as 7.3x10
–5
 s
–1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GATE 2018                                                                                                                                                          Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (XE-H) 
XE - H 5/5 
 
Q.17  In a tropical cyclone over the Pacific Ocean, surface pressure at 500 km from the cyclone 
centre is 1000 hPa. Surface pressure at the centre is 900 hPa. Sea surface temperature and 
surface air temperature remain constant at 28
o
C and 27
o
C, respectively. Difference in 
potential temperature between 500 km and cyclone centre is __________ K. (Give the 
answer to two decimal places.) Take g = 9.8 m s
–2
, Cp = 1005 J kg
–1
 K
–1
, gas constant 
R = 287 J kg
–1
 K
–1
 
 
 
Q.18  A cloud forms by the lifting of moist air from the surface with the initial conditions 
To = 30
o
C, RH = 80% and Po = 1005 hPa. If the vapour pressure of this parcel at 500 hPa is 
6.5 hPa, the liquid water content of the parcel if no precipitation takes place 
is __________ gm kg 
–1
. (Give the answer to one decimal place.) Saturation vapour 
pressure of water at 30
o
C is 42.43 hPa. 
 
 
Q.19  A numerical model of the atmosphere uses sigma ( ?? ) coordinate system in vertical. At  
locations P and Q, surface pressures are 1005 hPa and 500 hPa, respectively. Absolute 
difference in the heights of ?? = 0 . 9 level between these locations is __________ meters. 
(Give the answer to one decimal place.) Layer mean temperatures at P and Q are 300 K and 
270 K, respectively. (Take g = 9.8 m s
–2
 gas constant R = 287 J kg 
–1
 K
–1
) 
 
 
Q.20  If difference in sea surface elevation is 1 m in 100 km at 30° N latitude, the corresponding   
geostrophic current is  __________ m s
–1
. (Give the answer to one decimal place.) Take 
g = 9.8 m s
–2
 and angular velocity of the Earth = 7.3x10
–5
 s
–1
. 
 
 
Q.21  If wind speed over ocean surface is 10 m s
–1
, air-sea interface momentum flux 
is __________ N m
–2
. (Give the answer to two decimal places.) Surface air temperature 
and pressure are 27°C and 1000 hPa, respectively. Take drag coefficient as 0.001 and gas 
constant R = 287 J kg 
–1 
K
–1
. 
 
 
Q.22  
Let L
x
, L
y
 be length scales in x- and y-directions and corresponding mass transports are  
M
x
 and M
y
. The ratio of M
x
 and M
y
 (to nearest integer) is __________ , if the ratio of L
x
 
and L
y
 is 10 and vertical velocity is zero. 
 
 
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 
 
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FAQs on Engineering Sciences - XE 2018 GATE Paper with solution - Set -1

1. What are the topics covered in the Engineering Sciences - XE 2018 GATE Paper?
Ans. The Engineering Sciences - XE 2018 GATE Paper covers topics such as engineering mathematics, fluid mechanics, materials science, solid mechanics, thermodynamics, polymer science and engineering, food technology, atmospheric and oceanic sciences, and instrumentation engineering.
2. How can I download the solution for the Engineering Sciences - XE 2018 GATE Paper?
Ans. You can download the solution for the Engineering Sciences - XE 2018 GATE Paper from the official GATE website or from various educational websites that provide GATE study materials and solutions.
3. What is the difficulty level of the Engineering Sciences - XE 2018 GATE Paper?
Ans. The difficulty level of the Engineering Sciences - XE 2018 GATE Paper can vary from person to person. However, in general, GATE papers are known to be moderately difficult, requiring a good understanding of the subject and problem-solving skills.
4. Can I expect questions from previous year GATE papers in the Engineering Sciences - XE 2018 GATE Paper?
Ans. Yes, it is common to have questions from previous year GATE papers in the Engineering Sciences - XE 2018 GATE Paper. GATE exams often include questions from previous years to assess the candidate's overall understanding of the subject.
5. Are there any specific preparation strategies for the Engineering Sciences - XE 2018 GATE Paper?
Ans. Yes, there are several preparation strategies that can be followed for the Engineering Sciences - XE 2018 GATE Paper. Some of these include creating a study schedule, understanding the exam pattern and syllabus, practicing previous year papers, taking mock tests, and seeking guidance from experts or coaching institutes.
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