Federalism For Dummies - SST, Class 10 Video Lecture - Class 10 | Best Video for Class 10

now the troubles with your attitude you
don't pay enough attention in class you
don't do enough work outside of it you
don't know what the word study mean
getting the slightest idea hey guys
welcome to hip fuse history in this
installment we're going to take a look
in the next maybe 15 minutes but that's
just a number I'm yelling out really the
history of federalism in the United
States and political science terms
looking at the Constitution and really
how we've defined it throughout American
history so we're going to chop it up
nice and easy and serve it up to you on
a plate of political science so if
you're hungry get ready because he was
going to feed you did all right giddy up
yeah so if you're going to understand
like like stuff today and if we want to
talk about current events whether that
be you know what you want to call
Obamacare or looking at tax cuts or you
know whatever you want to talk about you
have to understand constitutional
language right we can't talk about
football unless you know the NFL
rulebook yeah so in the Constitution
federalism is kind of set up and it's
almost like bipolar in the way that the
founders created the system because you
could definitely feel the influence of
people like David Alexander Hamilton or
you know a strong central government
kind of feeling to the document and then
you also you know sometimes I call them
trapdoors but you definitely have these
mechanisms which really are going to
make it hard for the central government
to do its job and some limit its job to
a certain respect and really reserve
some of the power for the local entities
at the state you know and local levels
following humility division of power
which we need the following instruments
you might hear the term dual federalism
and I always think of that van and
diagram you see in school a million
times like the one right there
I'm dual federalism is a nice way to set
up understanding constitutional
federalism because we can really plop
you know on one side the federal side
you know more than a couple terms so you
know if I was going to say things in the
federal government side of it when we're
talking about constitutional terms I
would start with like the Supremacy
Clause I mean it Supremacy Clause what
article 5 of the Constitution is
basically like laying down the law that
says when it comes to it when it's mano
a mano when we're playing you know like
that that the federal government is
going to reign supreme over the states
so you know if you hear someone yelling
oh the state is going to leave the union
because we have a right to you know I
don't want to fight the civil war again
all I'm going to say is look at article
5 of the Constitution right so I'm going
to write Supremacy Clause up there
definitely you know there's delegated
power in the Constitution right we can
look at another lecture like article one
maybe section eight and really like all
of the specific language in the
Constitution which says to the federal
government this is what your job is one
of the key terms that I think is
important if you're looking at it from
maybe a progressive side of things is
that very early in Section eight it says
that Congress may pass laws to promote
the defense of the country basically and
the general welfare which is also in the
preamble and you know that idea of
passing laws to promote the general
welfare that's going to mean something
different to you know to Larry Curly and
Moe so you know again Armageddon
language isn't going to do anybody any
good I hear people saying you're not a
real American because you believe this
your offense or your communist you take
the government and we can go back to
that original language and we can have
that fight but it's a fight amongst
Americans seeking what's best for what
in their view is public policy to help
America go forward whether you're
conservative
sometimes you gotta tone it down but
nevertheless we have delegated power we
definitely the elastic clause and you
know if you really want to play word
games the elastic clause summarized
basically says that Congress shall use
all necessary and passed laws that are
necessary and proper to do their their
powers listed and if you see the listed
power of promoting the general welfare
or passing laws for the general welfare
than anything that they want to do to
promote that is a constitutional
language but we can definitely have
arguments on you know both sides of
defensive what's too much or what's not
enough nevertheless definitely you know
elastic Clause is gonna beef up the feds
beefed up the feds we also have other
language like the interstate commerce
clause and the interstate commerce
clause gives the federal government the
right to regulate trade amongst the
several states so again you know its
interpretation you know we always have
to be careful oh well people probably
have to do it before they meant well
what does that mean you know it is human
trafficking
that's trade right but commerce
pollution I don't know someone's going
to regulate you know the airwaves you
have planes crash into each other does
that extend to health care that's the
argument that you know health care is an
important commerce in that the federal
government in order to yada yada yada
you already know the argument and I
don't care what you think either way but
definitely we have a lot of power on the
federal side supremacy the ability to
use the elastic clause specific
delegated power broad language in the
interstate commerce clause and then
ding-ding-ding we got the other side and
the other side is really you know in the
Tenth Amendment the type of amendment in
the Bill of Rights which is pushed
through by the anti feds the Thomas
Jefferson lubbers back then the shield
would protects you from the federal
government the libertarian idea the idea
of Locke and the government exists to
defend our Liberty that we're born with
that government does not give you
Liberty you're not born and where's the
government where's my Liberty you're
born with Liberty and the government's
job is basically to protect that Liberty
at all costs
so libertarians the Ron Paul people out
there get really excited when you talk
about that because it is the concept of
limited government but we have to see we
have these two sides so in the limited
government the Tenth Amendment clearly
states that all powers that are not
delegated in the Federal Constitution
reserved for the states so if it ain't
in there you don't get to do wit if and
then again if we go into interpretation
what does that mean well if it doesn't
say anything about I don't know trying
to think of something not too
controversial but maybe a little bit
controversial maybe drug legalization I
don't think it says anything in the
Constitution about the wacky drugs right
so according to that Tenth Amendment
that's a reserved power it's up to the
state to decide gay marriage it's up to
the state to decide right healthcare
laws it's up to the state to decide
interstate commerce clause the federal
government regular regular trade between
the states elastic clause promoting a
general welfare
if it ain't in there you don't do it if
anything there you don't do it but what
about that what about the elastic clause
or not cents minute ah this is the
political problem of our time that
remember wherever you stand on whatever
side of that fence of dual federalism
right you're definitely in the
constitutional game and you're an
American remember that unless you're
from another planet and you're an alien
and you're a zombie and you're going to
eat me we're doing more
I hope you're hungry because I bought
some layer cake federalism
that's definitely vocab you're going to
see in a political science course
especially an AP government test layer
cake federalism is a visual analogy to
understand that we have a shift in a
paradigm a way of thinking about
federalism after the Civil War remember
the civil war is a war of federalism
right that you know definitely freed the
slaves and the civil war is definitely
about freeing the slaves with the issue
of the Emancipation Proclamation at
least theoretically but is not really
fought over freeing the slaves as you go
through that kind of 1820 to 1860 period
it's really a fight about the powers of
the federal government in determining
slavery in the western states in class
we teach it you know in the sense of
manifest destiny leads to America
pushing forward right the idea of
birthing these new states and these new
states that are being birthed by America
and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787
which is the pregnant mama idea but once
that that that birth occurs the the
power between the states and the feds
comes to a head because we're arguing
about slavery the southern states scene
especially those southern states coming
in having a right you know through the
10th amendment and through eliminated
government power to decide what to do
about slavery whereas the federal
government especially on the new
Republican Party that's coming along by
the 1850s as the Free Soil party is
seeing that land as capitalist land is
free labor waived and slavery is
definitely not good for you know
creating jobs I think it does the
opposite so nevertheless it's that that
conflict between state power and federal
power that is compromised throughout the
19th century Missouri Compromise 1850
compromise on popular sovereignty the
Supreme Court Dred Scott all that stuff
leads to ahead in the Civil War but at
the end of the day who won who won the
federal government so therefore if we
see it less layer-cake
kind of like a larger stack on top and
then you have a shorter stack on the
bottom and they're separated meaning
that there's no intermingling between
powers which is going to come down the
road but this layer-cake idea is
bolstered by the passage or the forced
passage wherever you want to think about
it as the 13th 14th and 15th amendment
and you know we know 13th is abolish
slavery 15th is the blackmail vote but
it's that 14th amendment that needs to
be understood and it is in the
Constitution and people get upset and
they'll it's not a real amendment
because they did it this way in that way
it doesn't matter right it doesn't
matter it's in there now so the words no
state shall deny its citizens equal
protection and due process under the law
is meant and designed to protect those
freedmen down south from their own state
governments so the 14th is like a
mitigator on the 10th which says
basically look you can do what you want
the 10th amendment but if it interferes
with a federal protection of Rights
which is the concept of the federal
government protecting rights right the
Bill of Rights concept that the state
can't violate that so layer cake is that
power that has been gotten by the
federal government that's really not
going to be able to be used effectively
now from what 1867 to 1877 it is used
effectively to a certain degree with
forced reconstruction military
occupation african-americans Oh serving
the legislature and voting having rights
but once you know Hayes is elected in
1876 in that election over Tilden
sometimes called the great betrayal
amongst african-americans and scholars
that the military it leaves it makes
that that deal with with Hayes that he
can have the presidency the northern
Republican but that basically
reconstruction is over and then as those
troops go north the 14th Amendment's
power kind of goes with them in class
I've explained it as if the 14th
amendment is a tiger which is meant to
prowl around the southern states and
protect the liberty of its
essence from its own state government
that now it's a toothless tiger meow it
has no power and if you didn't believe
that Plessy vs. Ferguson is almost like
dental surgery they're just going to
pluck those teeth out with the words
Supper is equal really deflating the
Fourteenth Amendment so it doesn't have
the power that it was intended to do
which is ironic because in the
slaughterhouse cases that we learned
about what did the Supreme Court say in
what the 1860s and 70s it said that the
Fourteenth Amendment wasn't for
corporations it wasn't designed to
protect people other than
african-americans so now they have a
chance to live out those words and they
Boogle it Google might not be a word you
might have the Google Google all right
so that's layer cake federalism right by
the by the 1900 era 1910s 1920s we do
have a stronger federal government
absolutely we have the Progressive Era
we have all that going on in the
expansion and the sixteenth amendment I
know some of you libertarians just threw
up on your lap that that was passed
graduated income tax we have the square
deal we do have federal programs but at
a federal level only so when Teddy
Roosevelt passes the Pure Food and Drug
Act that's a federal government only
program designed to in some to keep
products safe when you have conservation
efforts where you have even going back
to the concept of regulating the
railroads with the Sherman Antitrust Act
and the Hepburn Act these are at a
federal level not interfering really
with state power to a large degree
there's some interference but definitely
not to a large degree so I'm going to go
bake my other cake I have a different
kind of cake to feed to you right now so
I'm going to go get it I hope you
enjoyed buy your cake I think that I
need
desert bam Marvel K federalism how tasty
does that sound layer cake federalism
changes with the election of FDR in 1932
and the New Deal sometimes this is
called cooperative federalism because
the state and the federal a berate
evaporate to deal with the Great
Depression airy problems that occurred
after the stock market crash of 1929 in
the onset of the of the Dust Bowl so in
marble cake federalism you have a bleed
through you programs that are sometimes
developed at the federal level maybe
take the TVA the Tennessee Valley
Authority and the money is coming you
know through the revenue system from the
Fed to the state but the state is
running the program the state is in
charge of you know hiring and employment
and maintaining it and regulating and
doing those types of activities but the
idea and the money and the direction and
a large degree is coming from the
federal government well you have Social
Security SSA passed in 1935 1936
something like that you know the Wagner
Act and collective bargaining rights you
have the CCC which is run through the
states and unemployment program with the
dollars flowing through the federal
level and other programs that are
probably temporary fixes for the New
Deal but nevertheless it's that bleed
through and with World War two you
didn't work bleed through if the New
Deal installed the Great Depression
I think World War two did which is the
same concept of the federal government
pumping money through a progressive
income tax system and sometimes deficit
spending in order to balloon the economy
and stimulate growth but nevertheless
you do have that bleed through whether
it's rationing or the GI Bill in World
War two or even if you want to go into
the 1950s and talk about Republican
powers such as Dwight Eisenhower the
passage of the interstate highway system
and getting huge huge road construction
and infrastructure spending from
Washington flowing through the states so
that's called a marble cake right New
Deal rhyme 1932 maybe 1964 somewhere
around there maybe 68 I don't know I'm
going to come back and tell you in a
second and I hope that you enjoyed that
so remember dual federalism leads to
layer-cake federalism reconstruction
14th amendment
that transfers into marble gate
federalism with the election of the New
Deal Democrat FDR and giddyup we're
getting there we gonna get there okay
there we go
the federal government is going to
really expand its power even more under
LBJ the war on poverty in the 1960s and
now we don't want to give too much in a
conservative and liberal ideology and
equality of opportunity versus equality
of outcome but the idea is is that we
have huge problems that maybe the states
are dealing with effectively in some
states we have very high literacy
illiteracy rates we have very high
infant death mortality rates and hunger
race poverty rates as well as civil
rights abuses so basically this is
really where the federal government is
going to act less as a partner and
cooperative and more as a parent
dictating to you know I guess in the
analogy the state is is the oh you know
one of the children to deal with its
problems in a certain way and definitely
for conservatives this is too much
government this is a big government they
see is intruding on Liberty whereas
liberals or progressives would argue
that this is dealing with equality of
opportunity that we are designing a
program that needs to be designed to
fill the holes that lace a fair
capitalism is created but nevertheless
you can yell and scream all you want I
don't care my name is out of the camera
we just want to get the major ideas of
this done so creative federalism can be
seen in a big program like Medicaid or
Medicare where basically the federal
government now is going to design a
program with rules and with money that
is going to basically dictate to the
state that you have to do this and you
have to do it this way and you have to
pay some of it as well so Medicaid which
some of the money comes from the federal
government is sometimes referred to as
an unfunded mandate its me let you know
telling you look at you are going to go
out tonight and you better be dressed to
the T I want you to tux and I want you
to be there by 6 o'clock we're gonna
have a good time you've got to go
that tops now that's the idea that you
have these uninsured sick people in your
state you are responsible for them they
live in your state so therefore in order
for public policy to work effectively so
children can be healthy and they can go
to school and they can have opportunity
we are demanding that you provide these
poor children with access to health care
and we'll help you pay for it but it's
your poor children so you're going to
pay for some of it too so that's called
creative federalism but definitely
Medicare Medicaid the war on poverty
food stamp programs designed to go after
poverty rates and although we are going
to get more of a bloated government to
get more bureaucracy absolutely you get
more instances of you know corrupting
power and those sorts of things you go
Google the poverty rates from 1960 to
1970 they're different people have food
in their bellies and there's more people
that have some type of sustainable
housing that are safe that aren't
getting diseases that are birthing
healthy children so whatever side of the
fence you are on we're going to keep
going because that's creative better
all right we have like three more areas
to cover one is fiscal federalism which
is really kind of the whole gauntlet of
the financial side of things that will
summarize quickly for you but the next
in order is competitive federalism
competitive federalism and now I'll go
to the last one too in this small
section which is new federalism is
really a concept that is devolution airy
rather than really evolutionary concepts
of growing the federal government
devolution means the shrinking up Saudi
centralizing might be something that you
hear taking power away from the center
and putting it back to the localities
you are going to have still like you
know programs that the states have to to
do but a lot of times it's kind of
voluntary with strings attached these
are called crossover requirements so for
instance some I might have huge amounts
of money that are available for you to
fix your highways so that's all good you
can have the money you just have to have
a 55 mile an hour speed limit that would
be an example of a crossover requirement
and competitive federalism where the
states are really competing for federal
money not only in that sense but also
when we do fiscal federalism a second
competing it for grants designing
programs coming up with their own ideas
in order to get that all elusive federal
money in order to implement those ideas
so a competitive federalism is generally
associated with Richard Nixon and this
is really flowing into the first era
when we're going to shrink the size of
the federal government soon not yet but
we're getting there but we're definitely
finding ways to give the states more
responsibility and certain degree over
their matters and that's competitive
federalism so let's just run right into
New Deal for New Deal but new federalism
which is definitely devolution new
federalism is characterized by returning
power to the states and shrinking
federal programs Ronald Reagan is the
quintessential new Federalist saying
that you know the states don't need to
be told what to do that the federal
government wasn't
designed to do these programs in the
first place and that we need to return
the power to the states so you see large
tax cuts shrinking the revenue coming
into the federal government which means
that it's not going to be able to pay
for these programs Reagan also increased
defense spending so he definitely didn't
come out balanced neutral in fact I
think the deficit increase rather
largely under Reagan but nevertheless we
are trying to return power to the states
I mean this has continued all the way up
through the 90s the New Deal the new
Democrat Bill Clinton sometimes called a
new Democrat because some of his ideas
are devolution airy like the welfare
reform act that was passed to it in the
95-96 after the contract of America
basically trying to shrink welfare and
forcing people to go back to go to work
in order to get benefits so devolution
is the big idea we don't a lot of time
to go into all the laws in the 80s and
the 90s we'd be here forever but
definitely if you can get that word down
devolution and you can associate it with
the term new federalism a new way of
thinking about the circles of shrinking
that circle and growing the 10th
amendment circle a little bit and that's
probably I'm all going to do right now
we're going to do some fiscal federalism
which is to chain and then we're going
to say goodbye you can I can come by for
a while
okay guys nitty-gritty man this YouTube
time is crazy we can't be doing 20
minute lectures fiscal federalism is the
term that's used to denote that you're
talking about obviously the money side
of federalism how that cash flow works
between the federal government and the
state level so most often in creative
federalism even marble cake federalism
you really have what's called formula
grants you have grants that are designed
to deal with problems so the percentage
of poor children that you have in your
state determines the amount of money
that you get to feed those poor children
for a food stamp program that's a
formula grant as we get into competitive
federalism you do have competitive
grants which are programs that are
designed to see we can come up with a
best idea in order to get the money this
is really the approach the Obama
administration is taking with education
with race to the top basically saying
these are the standards there's a whole
bunch of money come up with an idea to
get to these standards and we'll give
you the money but you have to do this
this and this and this to do it so
states come up with programs they align
their programs to federal requirements
and they try to get the money and from a
federal government standpoint they see
as raising the standards is you know
trying to get everybody to do a better
job to get here and a state level you
have a lot of resistance where teachers
I don't know maybe someone I know things
that maybe this is telling teachers that
you have to teach a certain way in order
to get money which sounds like blackmail
but anyway you think about it that's
definitely competitive federalism new
federalism brings new terminology so
basically you're going to ditch the
formula grant which is seen as a handout
or just giving money away for really
doing the same thing over and over and
over again which is not succeeding in
solving the problem and having States
develop their own print programs and not
having them keep the money but just
saying this is your money to begin with
so we'll give you a block grant like it
says a big block of money and you spend
the money the way that you want
at the end of the day that the battle is
between whether or not that the states
are dealing with problems in ways that
create opportunity for all of their
citizens that's the federal government's
argue that if you're going to allow 15
million of your citizens now not have
health care and to you know raise costs
for everybody because of that and to
basically drag the system down because
you can't deal with that problem then
we're going to deal with that problem
and from the state perspective they're
basically saying you know this is our
Tenth Amendment right to deal with a
problem in the way that we see fit and
that you are basically coming in and
mandating how we should deal with the
problem which is an encroachment on our
Liberty which you were designed to
protect but wait a minute we're
protecting the liberty of the people
that you haven't protected it's a crazy
game of politics but definitely you can
go into the Obama administration
definitely bigger federal government
programs which are designed like
creative federalism to attack problems
but not to the extent of the New Deal
definitely and definitely not to the
extent of LBJ and those types of
programs I don't want to get
controversial but we'll wrap up by
saying you know the progressive drain
the liberal dream the Democratic dream
is for government to have one big
government health care program that
everybody belongs to that gets good
services and you know that doesn't
necessarily have to be how you see it
but that's what they want they settled
on allowing private insurers to do it
but it's a mandate that everybody has to
buy it in order to drive down costs but
that's the approach and again the
Republican side says that's too big
government and the Democrats say it's
probably not big enough but we have to
deal with the problem but either way
we're fighting about federalism we're
not fighting about communism we're not
fighting about fascists on the right
trying to you know dictate to the world
how you live your life so the Armageddon
talk needs to be turned down and we can
definitely talk about these political
debates without
and get to partisan but really trying to
understand the political science behind
it the terminology in the Constitution
and whatever else you crazy kids out
there in dreamland want to know that's
all I got
federalism baby see ya