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Ferro & Piezo Electricity Video Lecture - Civil Engineering (CE)

FAQs on Ferro & Piezo Electricity Video Lecture - Civil Engineering (CE)

1. What is ferroelectricity and how does it differ from piezoelectricity?

Ans. Ferroelectricity is a property exhibited by certain materials where they can switch their electric polarization in response to an applied electric field. Piezoelectricity, on the other hand, is a phenomenon where certain materials generate an electric charge when mechanically stressed or deformed. The main difference between them is that ferroelectricity involves the manipulation of electric polarization, while piezoelectricity involves the generation of electric charge through mechanical stress.

2. What are some applications of ferroelectric materials?

Ans. Ferroelectric materials have various applications due to their unique properties. They are commonly used in capacitors, sensors, actuators, and memory devices. They are also utilized in piezoelectric transducers for ultrasound imaging, piezoelectric motors, and non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) technologies.

3. How does piezoelectricity contribute to energy harvesting?

Ans. Piezoelectricity can be harnessed for energy harvesting purposes. When mechanical stress or vibration is applied to a piezoelectric material, it generates an electric charge. This charge can be captured and stored, effectively converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Piezoelectric energy harvesting is used in various applications such as powering wireless sensors, wearable devices, and even in pavement systems to generate electricity from foot traffic or vehicular movement.

4. Can ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials be used together?

Ans. Yes, ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials can be used together in certain applications. Ferroelectric materials can act as the active layer that undergoes polarization switching, while piezoelectric materials can be used as the transducer to convert mechanical stress or deformation into an electric charge. This combination can be found in devices like ultrasound transducers, where the ferroelectric material switches polarization to emit sound waves and the piezoelectric material converts the received sound waves into electrical signals.

5. Are there any challenges or limitations in utilizing ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties?

Ans. Yes, there are some challenges and limitations in utilizing ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. One challenge is that these materials often require high processing temperatures, making their integration with other components difficult. Additionally, their performance can be affected by factors such as temperature, humidity, and aging. Another limitation is the limited range of materials that exhibit these properties, which restricts their use in certain applications. Researchers are continuously exploring new materials and techniques to overcome these challenges and expand the range of applications for ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials.

Text Transcript from Video

in this lesson we are going to learn
about nonlinear dielectrics okay
so generally if you were to plot a graph
between your polarization density and
your electric field strength let's say
your piece over here is over here then
what you're going to get is a linear
relationship okay so these type of
dielectrics which have a linear
relationship are known as your linear
dielectrics and dry electrics
which do not obey this kind of a
variation between your polarization and
electric field are known as nonlinear
dielectrics okay so in this lesson we
are going to talk about nonlinear
dielectrics particularly your Ferro
electrics okay so what are your
ferroelectric materials your
ferroelectric materials are materials
that undergo spontaneous polarization
okay so what is your spontaneous
polarization your spontaneous
polarization basically means that your
ferroelectric is able to get polarized
even when the applied electric field is
equal to zero okay so even in the
absence of the electric field you are
able to get the polarization in a
ferroelectric material okay this
property is known as Ferro electricity
and this material is known as
ferroelectric material okay the reason
for Ferro electricity is the presence of
permanent dipole moment okay so your
ferroelectric material has permanent
dipoles okay or natural dipoles if you
were to look at a material in a
microscopic way what you're going to
find out is you have certain regions
where in all the
atoms or molecules are pointing in a
certain direction or are oriented in a
certain direction
okay so let's just say I have a region
in which all the dipole moments are like
this another region in which all the
dipole moments are like this yet another
in which all the dipole moments are like
this and there is one more in which all
the dipole moments are like this okay so
when there is no electric field what's
going to happen is the net dipole moment
due to all these regions which are
having their dipole moments in random
orientations results in zero
polarization okay let's just understand
we are saying a ferroelectric material
has polarization greater than zero even
when e or electric field is zero okay
just understand why this happens at this
moment when electric field is zero your
polarization is also zero okay now let's
see what happens when I increase my
electric field okay or when I try to
apply electric field and increase its
strength okay when I increase the
strength of my electric field more and
more dipole moments they rotate okay so
dipole moments are going to be rotated
or dipoles are going to be rotated until
they can align themselves along this
electric field okay so what you get is a
bigger region which has your net dipole
moment oriented in a single direction
okay so you are going to see that more
and more dipoles now point in a certain
direction okay something like this there
may be still some regions which do not
point to the same direction but you now
have a bigger region
points to the same direction or has a
dipole moment pointing in the same
direction okay so these regions are your
domains okay now if you increase this
electric field further even these
domains these smaller domains they are
going to try to orient themselves in a
single direction okay so when you
further increase the electric field

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Jan 15, 2025 Last updated

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