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Quick Revision Questions: Matter in our Surroundings
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1. What is matter and what are its different states?
Ans. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It can exist in three different states: solid, liquid, and gas. In the solid state, matter has a fixed shape and volume. In the liquid state, matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container. In the gas state, matter has neither a fixed shape nor a definite volume.
2. What is the significance of the concept of matter in our surroundings?
Ans. The concept of matter in our surroundings is significant because it helps us understand the properties and behavior of different substances. It enables us to explain various physical phenomena such as changes of state, diffusion, and evaporation. Understanding matter also allows us to make informed decisions about its use and conservation, leading to advancements in fields such as chemistry and material science.
3. How does temperature affect the state of matter?
Ans. Temperature plays a crucial role in determining the state of matter. When the temperature of a substance increases, the particles gain energy and move faster, causing the substance to change from a solid to a liquid state (melting), and eventually to a gas state (vaporization). Conversely, when the temperature decreases, the particles lose energy and move slower, leading to the conversion of gas to liquid (condensation) and then to a solid (freezing).
4. What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
Ans. Evaporation and boiling are both processes of converting a liquid into a gas state, but they differ in the way they occur. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon that takes place at any temperature, even below the boiling point. It occurs when the particles at the surface of a liquid gain enough energy to overcome the attractive forces and escape into the surrounding air. Boiling, on the other hand, occurs at a specific temperature called the boiling point. It involves the rapid formation of bubbles throughout the entire liquid, as the liquid's temperature reaches its boiling point.
5. How does pressure affect the conversion of matter between states?
Ans. Pressure has a significant impact on the conversion of matter between states. Increasing the pressure on a gas can compress it, causing it to condense into a liquid state. Similarly, decreasing the pressure on a liquid can lower its boiling point, leading to its conversion into a gas at a lower temperature. Pressure also affects the melting and freezing points of substances, as it can influence the arrangement and movement of particles within the substance.
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