The Deterrent Theory aims to ___ criminals from committing crimes or repeating them in the future.

Deter

True or False: The Retributive Theory promotes societal welfare and transformation of the offender.

False. The Retributive Theory is criticized for promoting revenge rather than welfare and transformation.

What is the primary goal of the Preventive Theory?

To prevent future crimes by incapacitating the offender through methods such as imprisonment or the death penalty.

Fill in the blank: According to the Expiatory Theory, punishment focuses on ___ rather than legal concepts.

Morality

The Reformative Theory aims to ___ the offender to reintegrate them into society.

Reform

True or False: The Expiatory Theory is still widely relevant in modern punishment systems.

False. The Expiatory Theory has lost relevance in modern punishment systems due to its ethical basis.

Fill in the blank: Salmond emphasizes that punishment is primarily ___, making the offender an example to others.

Deterrent

What does the principle 'An eye for an eye' represent in the context of punishment?

It represents the Retributive Theory, which aims to make the criminal suffer the same harm they inflicted on the victim.

The principle of individualization in offender reform emphasizes that offenders are still human and can be ___ and ___ into law-abiding citizens.

Reformed and restored

True or False: The Supreme Court's stance in T. K. Gopal v. State of Karnataka solely focuses on punishing criminals without considering their reform.

False. The Supreme Court supports both the punishment of criminals and their reform.

Proceedings before a court of law can be classified into which two categories?

Penal and remedial

In penal proceedings, the primary aim is to secure the ___ of the defendant.

Punishment

True or False: All criminal proceedings are considered remedial.

False. Criminal proceedings are always penal.

Fill in the blank: Civil proceedings can be either ___ or ___ depending on the context.

Penal or remedial

What is the primary distinction between penal and remedial proceedings?

Penal proceedings involve punishment, while remedial proceedings do not.

The primary function of courts of law is the ___ of justice.

Administration

True or False: A court can be compelled to enforce a right against the State.

False. Courts are part of the State and cannot be compelled to act.

What is the purpose of a Petition of Right in court?

It allows an individual to claim a debt or right against the State and seek a judgment.

The secondary functions of courts include the management and distribution of ___ and ___ rights.

Property and legal

True or False: Judicial decrees can only remedy wrongs.

False. Judicial decrees can also establish or extinguish rights.

Fill in the blank: Declaration of Right allows a litigant to seek court assistance to declare the existence of a ___ even if it is not violated.

Right

What are the four groups identified under secondary functions of courts according to English Law?

Petition of Right, Declaration of Right, Administration, Titles of Right.

The court's role in the administration of trusts involves ___ and ___ of property.

Management and distribution

True or False: Courts have no role in the administration of an insolvent's estate.

False. Courts manage the distribution of an insolvent's estate.

Fill in the blank: Judicial decrees may create, extinguish, or transfer ___ such as divorce decrees.

Rights