Forest, Wildlife Sanctuary And National Parks of Jharkhand | Jharkhand State (JPSC) PSC: Preparation - JPSC (Jharkhand) PDF Download

 Page 1


Amar Ujala Publications Jharkhand : General Knowledge
FOREST WILDLIFE SANCTUARY
AND NATIONAL PARK
The Jharkhand region, was 76% land cover with forest but due to deforestation
only 29.27% area now remains under forests. Here, Savana forest is the biggest
forest of Jharkhand. This region is also called Vananchal because of forest cover.
District-wise Forest Cover Area in Jharkhand
(Area in km)
      District Geogra-           2011 Assessment       Per cent change Scrub
phical Very mod. Open Total of GA
Area Dense Dense Forest
Forest Forest
Bokaro 1929 64 244 252 560 29.03 0 48
Chatra 3732 251 863 663 1777 47.62 –5... 15
Deoghar (T) 2479 0 84 85 169 6.82 0 5
Dhanbad 2996 0 50 155 205 6.84 0 17
Dumka 6212 0 314 323 637 10.25 0 58
Garhwa 4092 124 406 835 1365 33.36 0 55
Giridih 4963 98 422 344 864 17.41 10 8
Godda 2110 15 268 116 399 18.91 0 25
Gumla (T) 9077 324 919 1414 2657 29.27 0 33
Hazaribagh 5998 272 626 1164 2062 34.38 9 44
Koderma 1435 68 321 207 596 41.53 –4 0
Lohardaga (T) 1491 174 219 110 503 33.74 0 10
Pakur (T) 1571 3 172 108 283 18.01 0 19
Palamu (T) 8657 529 1809 1189 3527 40.74 0 88
Paschimi 9907 453 1159 1829 3841 38.77 6 81
Singhbhum (T)
Purbi Singh- 3533 53 621 404 1078 30.51 67 38
bhum (T)
Ranchi (T) 7698 141 684 1079 1904 24.73 0 67
Sahebaganj 1834 21 336 193 550 29.99 0 72
Grand Total 79714 2590 9917 10470 22977 28.82 83 683
Page 2


Amar Ujala Publications Jharkhand : General Knowledge
FOREST WILDLIFE SANCTUARY
AND NATIONAL PARK
The Jharkhand region, was 76% land cover with forest but due to deforestation
only 29.27% area now remains under forests. Here, Savana forest is the biggest
forest of Jharkhand. This region is also called Vananchal because of forest cover.
District-wise Forest Cover Area in Jharkhand
(Area in km)
      District Geogra-           2011 Assessment       Per cent change Scrub
phical Very mod. Open Total of GA
Area Dense Dense Forest
Forest Forest
Bokaro 1929 64 244 252 560 29.03 0 48
Chatra 3732 251 863 663 1777 47.62 –5... 15
Deoghar (T) 2479 0 84 85 169 6.82 0 5
Dhanbad 2996 0 50 155 205 6.84 0 17
Dumka 6212 0 314 323 637 10.25 0 58
Garhwa 4092 124 406 835 1365 33.36 0 55
Giridih 4963 98 422 344 864 17.41 10 8
Godda 2110 15 268 116 399 18.91 0 25
Gumla (T) 9077 324 919 1414 2657 29.27 0 33
Hazaribagh 5998 272 626 1164 2062 34.38 9 44
Koderma 1435 68 321 207 596 41.53 –4 0
Lohardaga (T) 1491 174 219 110 503 33.74 0 10
Pakur (T) 1571 3 172 108 283 18.01 0 19
Palamu (T) 8657 529 1809 1189 3527 40.74 0 88
Paschimi 9907 453 1159 1829 3841 38.77 6 81
Singhbhum (T)
Purbi Singh- 3533 53 621 404 1078 30.51 67 38
bhum (T)
Ranchi (T) 7698 141 684 1079 1904 24.73 0 67
Sahebaganj 1834 21 336 193 550 29.99 0 72
Grand Total 79714 2590 9917 10470 22977 28.82 83 683
Area in Sq. Km
T otal Forest Dense Open Medium Scrub Percent of
Cover Forest Forest Dense G ..A.
India 690899 83510 288377 319012 41525 21.02
Jharkhand 28.82 22894 2590 10470 9917 683
The state of Jharkhand has a unique relation with forest since ancient times.
The word ‘Jharkhand’ connotes ‘area of land covered with forests’. Therefore,
literally as well as symbolically. Jharkhand is associated with forests. Various
ethnic group such as Munda Oroon, Ho, Santhal etc. have influenced their
ecosystem by varying practices of agro-pastoralism over the year.
Most of the forests of the Jharkhand as much as 79%, were privately owned
until the zamindar system was abolished under the Bihar Land Reforms Act, 1950.
Jharkhand forest department is one of the important administrative department
of the state with it headquarters at Ranchi. The department is entrusted all matters
pertaining to forests and forestry, including protecting and covering forest and
wildlife resources of state through scientific forest management practices within
the ambit of policies, acts and rules in vogue.
The main objectives of Jharkhand forest Department include.
(1) To sustainably conserve and manage biodiversity rich ecosystems
through in-situ and ex-situ conservation such as National Parks, Sanctuvaries,
Biological parks, Breeding centres, and Zoos etc.
(2) Protection, conserve and Scientific management of 23, 605 km
2
 forest
lands of the state to meet the various tangible and intangible needs of the present
as well as future generations from the forest.
(3) To meet the livehihood needs of rural population in general and forests
dependent communities in particular.
(4) To reduce pressure on forest through appropriate interventions by way
of alternative sources of  livelihood.
(5) To achieve the goal of 33% of state’s geographical area under forest and
tree cover.
(6) To carry out research in forestry to improve the managment of forest and
to address the needs of people who depend on forest for their livelihood.
(7) To carry out afforestation and re-foresation in non-forest land to increase
the free cover outside forests.
(8) To carry out studies on-forest and frees with speical focus on climate
change adapataion and mitigation strategies.
(9) To generate public awareness about importance of forests and forestry.
(10)To impart knowledge and skill to the forest personnel to develop
competence for managing the forest wildlife resources of the state on a sustainable
basis.
Page 3


Amar Ujala Publications Jharkhand : General Knowledge
FOREST WILDLIFE SANCTUARY
AND NATIONAL PARK
The Jharkhand region, was 76% land cover with forest but due to deforestation
only 29.27% area now remains under forests. Here, Savana forest is the biggest
forest of Jharkhand. This region is also called Vananchal because of forest cover.
District-wise Forest Cover Area in Jharkhand
(Area in km)
      District Geogra-           2011 Assessment       Per cent change Scrub
phical Very mod. Open Total of GA
Area Dense Dense Forest
Forest Forest
Bokaro 1929 64 244 252 560 29.03 0 48
Chatra 3732 251 863 663 1777 47.62 –5... 15
Deoghar (T) 2479 0 84 85 169 6.82 0 5
Dhanbad 2996 0 50 155 205 6.84 0 17
Dumka 6212 0 314 323 637 10.25 0 58
Garhwa 4092 124 406 835 1365 33.36 0 55
Giridih 4963 98 422 344 864 17.41 10 8
Godda 2110 15 268 116 399 18.91 0 25
Gumla (T) 9077 324 919 1414 2657 29.27 0 33
Hazaribagh 5998 272 626 1164 2062 34.38 9 44
Koderma 1435 68 321 207 596 41.53 –4 0
Lohardaga (T) 1491 174 219 110 503 33.74 0 10
Pakur (T) 1571 3 172 108 283 18.01 0 19
Palamu (T) 8657 529 1809 1189 3527 40.74 0 88
Paschimi 9907 453 1159 1829 3841 38.77 6 81
Singhbhum (T)
Purbi Singh- 3533 53 621 404 1078 30.51 67 38
bhum (T)
Ranchi (T) 7698 141 684 1079 1904 24.73 0 67
Sahebaganj 1834 21 336 193 550 29.99 0 72
Grand Total 79714 2590 9917 10470 22977 28.82 83 683
Area in Sq. Km
T otal Forest Dense Open Medium Scrub Percent of
Cover Forest Forest Dense G ..A.
India 690899 83510 288377 319012 41525 21.02
Jharkhand 28.82 22894 2590 10470 9917 683
The state of Jharkhand has a unique relation with forest since ancient times.
The word ‘Jharkhand’ connotes ‘area of land covered with forests’. Therefore,
literally as well as symbolically. Jharkhand is associated with forests. Various
ethnic group such as Munda Oroon, Ho, Santhal etc. have influenced their
ecosystem by varying practices of agro-pastoralism over the year.
Most of the forests of the Jharkhand as much as 79%, were privately owned
until the zamindar system was abolished under the Bihar Land Reforms Act, 1950.
Jharkhand forest department is one of the important administrative department
of the state with it headquarters at Ranchi. The department is entrusted all matters
pertaining to forests and forestry, including protecting and covering forest and
wildlife resources of state through scientific forest management practices within
the ambit of policies, acts and rules in vogue.
The main objectives of Jharkhand forest Department include.
(1) To sustainably conserve and manage biodiversity rich ecosystems
through in-situ and ex-situ conservation such as National Parks, Sanctuvaries,
Biological parks, Breeding centres, and Zoos etc.
(2) Protection, conserve and Scientific management of 23, 605 km
2
 forest
lands of the state to meet the various tangible and intangible needs of the present
as well as future generations from the forest.
(3) To meet the livehihood needs of rural population in general and forests
dependent communities in particular.
(4) To reduce pressure on forest through appropriate interventions by way
of alternative sources of  livelihood.
(5) To achieve the goal of 33% of state’s geographical area under forest and
tree cover.
(6) To carry out research in forestry to improve the managment of forest and
to address the needs of people who depend on forest for their livelihood.
(7) To carry out afforestation and re-foresation in non-forest land to increase
the free cover outside forests.
(8) To carry out studies on-forest and frees with speical focus on climate
change adapataion and mitigation strategies.
(9) To generate public awareness about importance of forests and forestry.
(10)To impart knowledge and skill to the forest personnel to develop
competence for managing the forest wildlife resources of the state on a sustainable
basis.
Recorded forest Area
The recorded area of the state is 23, 605 km
2
 which is 29.61% of the geographical
area of the state.
Reserved forest constitutes 18.58%, protected forests 81.28% and unclassed forests
0.14% of the total forest area.
The Chotanagpur plateau is rich in forest resources.
Protected Areas
Jharkhand has one National Park and 11 Wildlife sanctuaries covering an area
of 21.82.15 km
2
 which constitutes 2.74% of the state’s geographical area.
Palamu Tiger Reserve is located in the state covering area 1,026 km
2
Important Woods of Jharkhand
 
  S. No. Species
Main Industry Maturing period
(years) Maintenance
(` per tree)
1. Shisham Wood 25 8,000
2. Teak Wood 80 20,000
3. Mahogany Wood 40 15,000
4. Gamhar Wood and fodder 30 12,000
5. Black Shisham Wood and fodder 80 25,000
6. Khair Wood and pull 25 10,000
7. Jack-fruit Wood and fodder 30 8,000
8. Black-berry Wood and fruit 40 10,000
9. Chai Wood 40 15,000
10. Semal Wooden Cotton 15 4,000
11. Eucalyptus Wood, paper and pulp 4 1,000
12. Bamboo Domestic paper and pulp 4 25
There are three types of forests in Jharkhand :
(a) Dry Deciduous Forest
(b) Dry Peninsular Forest
(c) Moist Peninsular Forest
(a) Dry Deciduous Forest : ( A) The dry deciduous forest occurs in areas
having less than 1200mm rainfall. This type of forest consists of Bamboos, Amaltas,
Semal, Plas, Khour, Mahua,
;
Asan,etc. Sabai and Khus grasses are also found.
Such forests are found in north and north-west part of the state.
(b) Dry Peninsular Forest : This type of forest is found in Hazaribagh pla-
teau, lower Palamu and pat area. Such forests are also found in Ranchi and
Singbhum. Important trees in such fotests are sal, jack trees, bamboo thickets, etc.
Page 4


Amar Ujala Publications Jharkhand : General Knowledge
FOREST WILDLIFE SANCTUARY
AND NATIONAL PARK
The Jharkhand region, was 76% land cover with forest but due to deforestation
only 29.27% area now remains under forests. Here, Savana forest is the biggest
forest of Jharkhand. This region is also called Vananchal because of forest cover.
District-wise Forest Cover Area in Jharkhand
(Area in km)
      District Geogra-           2011 Assessment       Per cent change Scrub
phical Very mod. Open Total of GA
Area Dense Dense Forest
Forest Forest
Bokaro 1929 64 244 252 560 29.03 0 48
Chatra 3732 251 863 663 1777 47.62 –5... 15
Deoghar (T) 2479 0 84 85 169 6.82 0 5
Dhanbad 2996 0 50 155 205 6.84 0 17
Dumka 6212 0 314 323 637 10.25 0 58
Garhwa 4092 124 406 835 1365 33.36 0 55
Giridih 4963 98 422 344 864 17.41 10 8
Godda 2110 15 268 116 399 18.91 0 25
Gumla (T) 9077 324 919 1414 2657 29.27 0 33
Hazaribagh 5998 272 626 1164 2062 34.38 9 44
Koderma 1435 68 321 207 596 41.53 –4 0
Lohardaga (T) 1491 174 219 110 503 33.74 0 10
Pakur (T) 1571 3 172 108 283 18.01 0 19
Palamu (T) 8657 529 1809 1189 3527 40.74 0 88
Paschimi 9907 453 1159 1829 3841 38.77 6 81
Singhbhum (T)
Purbi Singh- 3533 53 621 404 1078 30.51 67 38
bhum (T)
Ranchi (T) 7698 141 684 1079 1904 24.73 0 67
Sahebaganj 1834 21 336 193 550 29.99 0 72
Grand Total 79714 2590 9917 10470 22977 28.82 83 683
Area in Sq. Km
T otal Forest Dense Open Medium Scrub Percent of
Cover Forest Forest Dense G ..A.
India 690899 83510 288377 319012 41525 21.02
Jharkhand 28.82 22894 2590 10470 9917 683
The state of Jharkhand has a unique relation with forest since ancient times.
The word ‘Jharkhand’ connotes ‘area of land covered with forests’. Therefore,
literally as well as symbolically. Jharkhand is associated with forests. Various
ethnic group such as Munda Oroon, Ho, Santhal etc. have influenced their
ecosystem by varying practices of agro-pastoralism over the year.
Most of the forests of the Jharkhand as much as 79%, were privately owned
until the zamindar system was abolished under the Bihar Land Reforms Act, 1950.
Jharkhand forest department is one of the important administrative department
of the state with it headquarters at Ranchi. The department is entrusted all matters
pertaining to forests and forestry, including protecting and covering forest and
wildlife resources of state through scientific forest management practices within
the ambit of policies, acts and rules in vogue.
The main objectives of Jharkhand forest Department include.
(1) To sustainably conserve and manage biodiversity rich ecosystems
through in-situ and ex-situ conservation such as National Parks, Sanctuvaries,
Biological parks, Breeding centres, and Zoos etc.
(2) Protection, conserve and Scientific management of 23, 605 km
2
 forest
lands of the state to meet the various tangible and intangible needs of the present
as well as future generations from the forest.
(3) To meet the livehihood needs of rural population in general and forests
dependent communities in particular.
(4) To reduce pressure on forest through appropriate interventions by way
of alternative sources of  livelihood.
(5) To achieve the goal of 33% of state’s geographical area under forest and
tree cover.
(6) To carry out research in forestry to improve the managment of forest and
to address the needs of people who depend on forest for their livelihood.
(7) To carry out afforestation and re-foresation in non-forest land to increase
the free cover outside forests.
(8) To carry out studies on-forest and frees with speical focus on climate
change adapataion and mitigation strategies.
(9) To generate public awareness about importance of forests and forestry.
(10)To impart knowledge and skill to the forest personnel to develop
competence for managing the forest wildlife resources of the state on a sustainable
basis.
Recorded forest Area
The recorded area of the state is 23, 605 km
2
 which is 29.61% of the geographical
area of the state.
Reserved forest constitutes 18.58%, protected forests 81.28% and unclassed forests
0.14% of the total forest area.
The Chotanagpur plateau is rich in forest resources.
Protected Areas
Jharkhand has one National Park and 11 Wildlife sanctuaries covering an area
of 21.82.15 km
2
 which constitutes 2.74% of the state’s geographical area.
Palamu Tiger Reserve is located in the state covering area 1,026 km
2
Important Woods of Jharkhand
 
  S. No. Species
Main Industry Maturing period
(years) Maintenance
(` per tree)
1. Shisham Wood 25 8,000
2. Teak Wood 80 20,000
3. Mahogany Wood 40 15,000
4. Gamhar Wood and fodder 30 12,000
5. Black Shisham Wood and fodder 80 25,000
6. Khair Wood and pull 25 10,000
7. Jack-fruit Wood and fodder 30 8,000
8. Black-berry Wood and fruit 40 10,000
9. Chai Wood 40 15,000
10. Semal Wooden Cotton 15 4,000
11. Eucalyptus Wood, paper and pulp 4 1,000
12. Bamboo Domestic paper and pulp 4 25
There are three types of forests in Jharkhand :
(a) Dry Deciduous Forest
(b) Dry Peninsular Forest
(c) Moist Peninsular Forest
(a) Dry Deciduous Forest : ( A) The dry deciduous forest occurs in areas
having less than 1200mm rainfall. This type of forest consists of Bamboos, Amaltas,
Semal, Plas, Khour, Mahua,
;
Asan,etc. Sabai and Khus grasses are also found.
Such forests are found in north and north-west part of the state.
(b) Dry Peninsular Forest : This type of forest is found in Hazaribagh pla-
teau, lower Palamu and pat area. Such forests are also found in Ranchi and
Singbhum. Important trees in such fotests are sal, jack trees, bamboo thickets, etc.
(c) Moist Peninsular Forest : Such forests are found in elevated land having
more than 12000 mm of rainfall. Sal is the most common tree in such forests. Other
trees found are Mahua; Jamun, Kusum, Asan, Khair, Gamhar, Karanj, etc.
NATIONAL FOREST POLICY 1988
The Government of India in the erstwhie Ministry of food and agriculture
enuciated a forest policy to be followed in the managment of state forests in country.
Our country is one of the few countries which has forest policy since 1894,
Later it was rewised in 1952 and again in 1988.
Basic objectives
The Basic objectives that should govern the National forest policy are the
following :
(1) Maintenance of enviromental stability through preservation and, where
necessary, restoration of the ecological balance that has been adversely distributed
by serious depletion of the forests of the country.
(2) Conserving the natural heritage of the country by preserving the remaining
natural forests with vast  variety of flora and fauna, which represents the remarkable
biological diversity and genetic resources of the country.
(3) Checking the extension of sand-dunes in the desert area of Rajasthan and
along the Coastal tracts.
(4) Increasing Sustantially the-forest/tree cover in the country through
massive afforestation  and social forestry programmes, especially on all clenuded,
degrack and unprotective Lands.
(5) Meeting the requircments of fuel wood fodder minor forest products and
small timber of the rural  and tribal population.
(6) Encouraging efficient Utilization of forest produce and maximising
substitution of Wood.
(7) Creating a massive people’s movement with the Involvement of women,
for achieving these objectives and to minimise pressure on existing forests.
JHARKHAND: NATIONAL PARKS
AND WILDLIFE SANCTURIES
General Knowledge Category: Jharkhand, States of India. An Overview
Name: Palamau Tiger Reserve, Betla
District : Latehar
Y ear of Notification :1976
Area (Sq. km.): 1026
Principal Wildlife : Leopard, Tiger, Elephant, Cheetal, Gaur, Sambhar,
Sloth Bear, Barking Deer, Nilgai9, Wolf, Wild Dog, Hyaena
Page 5


Amar Ujala Publications Jharkhand : General Knowledge
FOREST WILDLIFE SANCTUARY
AND NATIONAL PARK
The Jharkhand region, was 76% land cover with forest but due to deforestation
only 29.27% area now remains under forests. Here, Savana forest is the biggest
forest of Jharkhand. This region is also called Vananchal because of forest cover.
District-wise Forest Cover Area in Jharkhand
(Area in km)
      District Geogra-           2011 Assessment       Per cent change Scrub
phical Very mod. Open Total of GA
Area Dense Dense Forest
Forest Forest
Bokaro 1929 64 244 252 560 29.03 0 48
Chatra 3732 251 863 663 1777 47.62 –5... 15
Deoghar (T) 2479 0 84 85 169 6.82 0 5
Dhanbad 2996 0 50 155 205 6.84 0 17
Dumka 6212 0 314 323 637 10.25 0 58
Garhwa 4092 124 406 835 1365 33.36 0 55
Giridih 4963 98 422 344 864 17.41 10 8
Godda 2110 15 268 116 399 18.91 0 25
Gumla (T) 9077 324 919 1414 2657 29.27 0 33
Hazaribagh 5998 272 626 1164 2062 34.38 9 44
Koderma 1435 68 321 207 596 41.53 –4 0
Lohardaga (T) 1491 174 219 110 503 33.74 0 10
Pakur (T) 1571 3 172 108 283 18.01 0 19
Palamu (T) 8657 529 1809 1189 3527 40.74 0 88
Paschimi 9907 453 1159 1829 3841 38.77 6 81
Singhbhum (T)
Purbi Singh- 3533 53 621 404 1078 30.51 67 38
bhum (T)
Ranchi (T) 7698 141 684 1079 1904 24.73 0 67
Sahebaganj 1834 21 336 193 550 29.99 0 72
Grand Total 79714 2590 9917 10470 22977 28.82 83 683
Area in Sq. Km
T otal Forest Dense Open Medium Scrub Percent of
Cover Forest Forest Dense G ..A.
India 690899 83510 288377 319012 41525 21.02
Jharkhand 28.82 22894 2590 10470 9917 683
The state of Jharkhand has a unique relation with forest since ancient times.
The word ‘Jharkhand’ connotes ‘area of land covered with forests’. Therefore,
literally as well as symbolically. Jharkhand is associated with forests. Various
ethnic group such as Munda Oroon, Ho, Santhal etc. have influenced their
ecosystem by varying practices of agro-pastoralism over the year.
Most of the forests of the Jharkhand as much as 79%, were privately owned
until the zamindar system was abolished under the Bihar Land Reforms Act, 1950.
Jharkhand forest department is one of the important administrative department
of the state with it headquarters at Ranchi. The department is entrusted all matters
pertaining to forests and forestry, including protecting and covering forest and
wildlife resources of state through scientific forest management practices within
the ambit of policies, acts and rules in vogue.
The main objectives of Jharkhand forest Department include.
(1) To sustainably conserve and manage biodiversity rich ecosystems
through in-situ and ex-situ conservation such as National Parks, Sanctuvaries,
Biological parks, Breeding centres, and Zoos etc.
(2) Protection, conserve and Scientific management of 23, 605 km
2
 forest
lands of the state to meet the various tangible and intangible needs of the present
as well as future generations from the forest.
(3) To meet the livehihood needs of rural population in general and forests
dependent communities in particular.
(4) To reduce pressure on forest through appropriate interventions by way
of alternative sources of  livelihood.
(5) To achieve the goal of 33% of state’s geographical area under forest and
tree cover.
(6) To carry out research in forestry to improve the managment of forest and
to address the needs of people who depend on forest for their livelihood.
(7) To carry out afforestation and re-foresation in non-forest land to increase
the free cover outside forests.
(8) To carry out studies on-forest and frees with speical focus on climate
change adapataion and mitigation strategies.
(9) To generate public awareness about importance of forests and forestry.
(10)To impart knowledge and skill to the forest personnel to develop
competence for managing the forest wildlife resources of the state on a sustainable
basis.
Recorded forest Area
The recorded area of the state is 23, 605 km
2
 which is 29.61% of the geographical
area of the state.
Reserved forest constitutes 18.58%, protected forests 81.28% and unclassed forests
0.14% of the total forest area.
The Chotanagpur plateau is rich in forest resources.
Protected Areas
Jharkhand has one National Park and 11 Wildlife sanctuaries covering an area
of 21.82.15 km
2
 which constitutes 2.74% of the state’s geographical area.
Palamu Tiger Reserve is located in the state covering area 1,026 km
2
Important Woods of Jharkhand
 
  S. No. Species
Main Industry Maturing period
(years) Maintenance
(` per tree)
1. Shisham Wood 25 8,000
2. Teak Wood 80 20,000
3. Mahogany Wood 40 15,000
4. Gamhar Wood and fodder 30 12,000
5. Black Shisham Wood and fodder 80 25,000
6. Khair Wood and pull 25 10,000
7. Jack-fruit Wood and fodder 30 8,000
8. Black-berry Wood and fruit 40 10,000
9. Chai Wood 40 15,000
10. Semal Wooden Cotton 15 4,000
11. Eucalyptus Wood, paper and pulp 4 1,000
12. Bamboo Domestic paper and pulp 4 25
There are three types of forests in Jharkhand :
(a) Dry Deciduous Forest
(b) Dry Peninsular Forest
(c) Moist Peninsular Forest
(a) Dry Deciduous Forest : ( A) The dry deciduous forest occurs in areas
having less than 1200mm rainfall. This type of forest consists of Bamboos, Amaltas,
Semal, Plas, Khour, Mahua,
;
Asan,etc. Sabai and Khus grasses are also found.
Such forests are found in north and north-west part of the state.
(b) Dry Peninsular Forest : This type of forest is found in Hazaribagh pla-
teau, lower Palamu and pat area. Such forests are also found in Ranchi and
Singbhum. Important trees in such fotests are sal, jack trees, bamboo thickets, etc.
(c) Moist Peninsular Forest : Such forests are found in elevated land having
more than 12000 mm of rainfall. Sal is the most common tree in such forests. Other
trees found are Mahua; Jamun, Kusum, Asan, Khair, Gamhar, Karanj, etc.
NATIONAL FOREST POLICY 1988
The Government of India in the erstwhie Ministry of food and agriculture
enuciated a forest policy to be followed in the managment of state forests in country.
Our country is one of the few countries which has forest policy since 1894,
Later it was rewised in 1952 and again in 1988.
Basic objectives
The Basic objectives that should govern the National forest policy are the
following :
(1) Maintenance of enviromental stability through preservation and, where
necessary, restoration of the ecological balance that has been adversely distributed
by serious depletion of the forests of the country.
(2) Conserving the natural heritage of the country by preserving the remaining
natural forests with vast  variety of flora and fauna, which represents the remarkable
biological diversity and genetic resources of the country.
(3) Checking the extension of sand-dunes in the desert area of Rajasthan and
along the Coastal tracts.
(4) Increasing Sustantially the-forest/tree cover in the country through
massive afforestation  and social forestry programmes, especially on all clenuded,
degrack and unprotective Lands.
(5) Meeting the requircments of fuel wood fodder minor forest products and
small timber of the rural  and tribal population.
(6) Encouraging efficient Utilization of forest produce and maximising
substitution of Wood.
(7) Creating a massive people’s movement with the Involvement of women,
for achieving these objectives and to minimise pressure on existing forests.
JHARKHAND: NATIONAL PARKS
AND WILDLIFE SANCTURIES
General Knowledge Category: Jharkhand, States of India. An Overview
Name: Palamau Tiger Reserve, Betla
District : Latehar
Y ear of Notification :1976
Area (Sq. km.): 1026
Principal Wildlife : Leopard, Tiger, Elephant, Cheetal, Gaur, Sambhar,
Sloth Bear, Barking Deer, Nilgai9, Wolf, Wild Dog, Hyaena
Name: Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary
District: Hazaribag
Y ear of Notification:1976
Area (Sq.km.): 186.25
Principal Wildlife: Leopard, Tiger, Elephant, Barking Deer, Cheetal Nilgai,
Sloth Bear, Hyaena, Wild Boar
Name: Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary
District:
Y ear of Notification:
Area (Sq.km.):
Principal Wildlife: Wild Boar, Wolf Spotted Deer, Hares, Rates, Mongoose,
Squirrels, Ground Birds.
Name: Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary]
District: Singhbhum (East)
Y ear of Notification: 1976
Area (Sq. km.): 193.22
Principal Wildlife: Mouse Deer, Elephant Leopard, Wild Boar, Barking Deer
Name: Topchanchi Wildlife Sanctuary
District: Dhanbad
Y ear of Notification: 1978
Area (Sq.km): 8.75
Principal Wildlife: Jungle Cat, Leopard, Cheetal, Langur, Barking Deer,
Mongoose, Wild Boar, Fox, Jackal, Wild Dog
Name: Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary
District: Chatra
Y ear of Notification: 1978
Area (Sq. km.): 207
Principal Wildlife: Leopard, Tiger, Barking Deer, Cheetal, Nilgai Hyaena, Wild
Boar, Langur
Name: Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary
District: Koderma
Y ear of Notification: 1985
Area (Sq. km.): 150.62
Principal Wildlife: Leopard, Tiger, Sloth Bear, Cheetal, Sambhar, Barking Deer,
Wild Boar, Nilgai, Gaint Squirrel, Fox, Jackal, Hyaena, Porcupine, Langur
Name: Parasnath Wildlife Sanctuary
District : Giridih
Y ear of Notification: 1981
Area (Sq. km.): 183.18