Chemical Engineering Exam > Chemical Engineering Videos > Chemical Technology > Friedel Crafts Alkylation Reaction
Friedel Crafts Alkylation Reaction Video Lecture | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering
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FAQs on Friedel Crafts Alkylation Reaction Video Lecture - Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering
| 1. What is the Friedel Crafts alkylation reaction? |  |
Ans. The Friedel Crafts alkylation reaction is a chemical reaction used to introduce alkyl groups into aromatic compounds. It involves the reaction of an alkyl halide with an aromatic compound in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as aluminum chloride or ferric chloride.
| 2. What are the advantages of the Friedel Crafts alkylation reaction? | |
Ans. The Friedel Crafts alkylation reaction offers several advantages. Firstly, it allows for the selective introduction of alkyl groups onto aromatic compounds, which can modify their chemical and physical properties. Secondly, it is a relatively simple and cost-effective reaction that can be performed under mild conditions. Additionally, the reaction can be applied to a wide range of aromatic compounds, making it a versatile tool in organic synthesis.
| 3. What are some common limitations of the Friedel Crafts alkylation reaction? | |
Ans. The Friedel Crafts alkylation reaction has some limitations. One major limitation is the possibility of polyalkylation, where multiple alkyl groups are introduced onto the aromatic compound. This can lead to the formation of undesired by-products. Another limitation is the reactivity of certain aromatic compounds, such as those with electron-withdrawing groups, which may not undergo the alkylation reaction easily. Additionally, the use of strong Lewis acid catalysts can result in side reactions or catalyst deactivation.
| 4. How can the selectivity of the Friedel Crafts alkylation reaction be improved? | |
Ans. The selectivity of the Friedel Crafts alkylation reaction can be improved by using sterically hindered alkylating agents, which are less likely to undergo polyalkylation. Another approach is to control the reaction conditions, such as temperature and reaction time, to favor monoalkylation. Additionally, using milder Lewis acid catalysts or modifying the reaction medium can also enhance selectivity.
| 5. Are there any alternative methods to Friedel Crafts alkylation for introducing alkyl groups onto aromatic compounds? | |
Ans. Yes, there are alternative methods to Friedel Crafts alkylation. One common alternative is the use of transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, such as Suzuki-Miyaura or Heck reactions, which allow for the direct coupling of an aryl halide with an alkyl halide. Another approach is the use of organometallic reagents, such as Grignard reagents or organolithium compounds, which can react with aromatic compounds to form C-C bonds. These alternative methods offer different advantages and limitations compared to Friedel Crafts alkylation and are often employed depending on the specific requirements of the synthesis.
Text Transcript from Video
today I'll be talking about an
electrophilic aromatic substitution
reaction in this case a friedel-crafts
alkylation in the general reaction will
take an aromatic compound and substitute
this hydrogen with the R group and alkyl
halide you'll react it with a lewis acid
in this case aluminum trichloride giving
you a substituted aromatic ring with a
byproduct of hydrogen chloride now we'll
be talking about a specific example of a
friedel-crafts alkylation beginning with
benzene one could treat it with
tert-butyl chloride and aluminum
trichloride to yield a substituted
benzene compounds specifically beetle
benzene with byproduct of hydrogen
chloride and the general mechanism of a
frail crafts alkylation a lone pair from
alkyl halide will attack the aluminum of
aluminum trichloride giving you a lewis
acid lewis base complex heterosis will
occur between the R group and halide
group giving you a carbo cation and a
counter ion the PI electrons of an
aromatic compound will attack the carbo
cation giving you a resonance stabilized
a rhenium I on the counter ion which
also acts as a Lewis base a lone pair
from that molecule will deprotonate the
uranium I on giving returning electrons
to the ring regenerating aromaticity
giving you a substituted aromatic
compound then the counter protonated
counter ion will dissociate giving you
hydrogen halide and aluminum trichloride
in conclusion the classic friedel-crafts
reaction was discovered in the 19th
century specifically in the year 1877
and is credited to charles friel and
james crafts the utility of this
reaction is to take an unsubstituted
aromatic compound and turn it into a
silk you'll substituted aromatic
compound
electrophilic aromatic substitution
reaction in this case a friedel-crafts
alkylation in the general reaction will
take an aromatic compound and substitute
this hydrogen with the R group and alkyl
halide you'll react it with a lewis acid
in this case aluminum trichloride giving
you a substituted aromatic ring with a
byproduct of hydrogen chloride now we'll
be talking about a specific example of a
friedel-crafts alkylation beginning with
benzene one could treat it with
tert-butyl chloride and aluminum
trichloride to yield a substituted
benzene compounds specifically beetle
benzene with byproduct of hydrogen
chloride and the general mechanism of a
frail crafts alkylation a lone pair from
alkyl halide will attack the aluminum of
aluminum trichloride giving you a lewis
acid lewis base complex heterosis will
occur between the R group and halide
group giving you a carbo cation and a
counter ion the PI electrons of an
aromatic compound will attack the carbo
cation giving you a resonance stabilized
a rhenium I on the counter ion which
also acts as a Lewis base a lone pair
from that molecule will deprotonate the
uranium I on giving returning electrons
to the ring regenerating aromaticity
giving you a substituted aromatic
compound then the counter protonated
counter ion will dissociate giving you
hydrogen halide and aluminum trichloride
in conclusion the classic friedel-crafts
reaction was discovered in the 19th
century specifically in the year 1877
and is credited to charles friel and
james crafts the utility of this
reaction is to take an unsubstituted
aromatic compound and turn it into a
silk you'll substituted aromatic
compound
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Dec 23, 2024 Last updated |
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