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DNA Base Sequence To Amino Acid Sequence

The DNA Base Sequence Determines the Amino Acid Sequence in Protein

  • The DNA code, consisting of a series of bases, is translated into proteins, which are sequences of amino acids.
  • Protein synthesis involves two main stages:
    • Transcription: converting the base code of DNA into RNA bases.
    • Translation: using the RNA base sequence to assemble amino acids into a protein sequence.
  • Thus, the sequence of bases in a gene determines the sequence of amino acids in a specific protein.
  • Different amino acid sequences result in proteins with various shapes and functions.

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What is the role of DNA base sequence in determining the amino acid sequence in a protein?
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FAQs on Genes & Proteins - Biology for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11

1. How is DNA base sequence converted to an amino acid sequence?
Ans. The process of converting DNA base sequence to an amino acid sequence involves transcription of DNA into mRNA, which is then translated into a chain of amino acids according to the genetic code.
2. What is the significance of understanding the relationship between DNA base sequence and amino acid sequence?
Ans. Understanding this relationship is crucial as it helps in determining the genetic information encoded in DNA, which ultimately dictates the structure and function of proteins in an organism.
3. Can a single change in the DNA base sequence affect the amino acid sequence and protein function?
Ans. Yes, even a single change in the DNA base sequence, known as a point mutation, can lead to a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein sequence, potentially altering its structure and function.
4. How do mutations in the DNA base sequence impact protein synthesis?
Ans. Mutations in the DNA base sequence can lead to changes in the amino acid sequence during protein synthesis, which can result in the production of a non-functional or altered protein with potential implications for the organism.
5. Are there any tools or algorithms available to predict the amino acid sequence from a given DNA base sequence?
Ans. Yes, there are bioinformatics tools and algorithms such as BLAST and ExPASy that can be used to predict the amino acid sequence from a given DNA base sequence by analyzing the genetic code and translating it into a protein sequence.
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