Geographical Location and Extent of Himachal Pradesh | HPPSC HPAS Preparation - HPPSC HPAS (Himachal Pardesh) PDF Download

Introduction

Himachal Pradesh, known as the "Land of Snowy Mountains," is a picturesque state located in the northern part of India, nestled in the Western Himalayas. Its unique geography, rich cultural heritage, and sacred status make it one of the most enchanting places in the country. Below, we'll break down important facts about Himachal Pradesh, touching on its geography, history, significance, and neighboring regions.

Meaning and Significance of the Name

• Himachal Pradesh translates to the "Land of Snowy Mountains".
• The name is derived from two Sanskrit words, 'Hima', meaning snow, and 'Achal', meaning mountain.
• Due to its mountainous landscape and snow-covered peaks, the name perfectly represents the state’s topography.
• The state is also referred to as Dev Bhumi, meaning "The Abode of Gods".
• This term signifies the deep religious and spiritual connection of the region, housing many temples, pilgrimage sites, and being central to ancient mythology.

Geographical Location and Coordinates

• Himachal Pradesh is situated in the Western Himalayas.
  • The region lies between 30°12' and 33°12' north latitude and between 75°47' and 79°4' east longitude.
  • These coordinates highlight the state's northern position, near the international border with Tibet, and its location within India's northern belt.

Variation in Altitude

• Diverse Elevation: The altitude in Himachal Pradesh ranges from 350 meters (1,148 feet) to a staggering 7,000 meters (22,966 feet) above mean sea level.
• This altitude variation makes the state one of the most geographically diverse regions in the country, featuring plains, valleys, and towering mountain ranges.
• Examples:
  • In the lower regions, places like Una lie at a lower altitude (~350 meters).
  • In contrast, Lahaul and Spiti regions have some of the highest altitudes, with peaks like Reo Purgyil.
• Increasing Elevation: The altitude generally rises from west to east and from south to north, further adding to the dramatic landscape of the state.

Area and Size of the State

• Area: Himachal Pradesh covers an area of 55,673 square kilometers.
• It represents about 1.7% of India’s total geographical area (India’s total area being 3,287,263 square kilometers).
• In terms of size, Himachal Pradesh ranks as the 17th largest state in India (previously the 18th, before the bifurcation of Jammu and Kashmir).
• Revenue Department Figures: According to the state’s Revenue Department, the measured area is 45,318 square kilometers based on official records.
• These figures may vary due to different methods of calculation and measurement used in revenue documentation.

Himalayan Divisions and Borders

• Himalayan Divisions: Himachal Pradesh shares its terrain with the eastern divisions of the Himalayas, particularly Kedara (Garhwal) and Kurmachala (Kumaon) in the east, and Kashmir in the north.
• These divisions mark important cultural and geographical boundaries, with each region having its own distinct history and influence on Himachal's cultural evolution.

Historical Background – Jallandhara

• Ancient Name: Himachal Pradesh was historically known as Jallandhra, which translates to "That which holds water" or "Jalam-dhara".
• This name is tied to the fact that the region is home to the sources of several major rivers.
• Mythological Significance:
  • In Hindu mythology, Jallandhara is said to have been a powerful demon, the son of Sagara (the ocean) and Ganga (the river).
  • His story is recounted in ancient texts like the Padma Purana, which gives a glimpse into the region’s deep-rooted connection with mythology and spirituality.

Main Rivers Originating from Himachal

• Himachal Pradesh is the birthplace of four major rivers that flow through and beyond its borders.
• These rivers play a vital role in irrigation, drinking water supply, and religious significance for the local and neighboring populations.

Neighboring States and International Borders

• Himachal Pradesh shares its borders with several Indian states and one international neighbor:
  • North: Bordered by Jammu and Kashmir.
  • South: The state shares a boundary with Haryana.
  • East: Himachal borders the Tibetan Autonomous Region (Tibet), forming an international border.
  • West: The state is adjacent to Punjab.
  • South-East: Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand also form part of its southeastern border.
• These neighboring states and regions contribute to Himachal's diverse cultural, political, and economic exchanges.

Conclusion

Himachal Pradesh, with its breathtaking landscapes, cultural richness, and mythological significance, stands out as one of India's most diverse and scenic states. From its towering snow-clad mountains to its deep valleys, rivers, and spiritual heritage, it encapsulates the true essence of natural beauty intertwined with history and culture.