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Geology and Geophysics (GG) 2012 GATE Paper with solution - GATE Past Year Papers for Practice (All Branches)
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Page 1
GATE 2012 Online Examination
GG : GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
Duration: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Read the following instructions carefully.
1. The computer allotted to you at the examination center runs a specialized software that permits only
one answer to be selected for multiple choice questions using a mouse. Your answers shall be updated
and saved on a server periodically and at the end of the examination.
2. To login, enter your Registration Number and password provided in the envelope. Go through the
symbols used in the test and understand the meaning before you start the examination. You can view
all questions by clicking on the View All Questions button in the screen after the start of the
examination.
3. To answer a question, select the question using the selection panel on the screen and choose the
correct answer by clicking on the radio button next to the answer. To change the answer, just click on
another option. If you wish to leave a previously answered question unanswered, click on the button
next to the selected option.
4. The examination will automatically stop at the end of 3 hours.
5. There are a total of 65 questions carrying 100 marks. Except questions Q.26 – Q.30, all the other
questions are of multiple choice type with only one correct answer. Questions Q.26 - Q.30 require a
numerical answer, and a number should be entered using the virtual keyboard on the monitor.
6. Questions Q.1 – Q.25 of Part-A are common to both Geology and Geophysics and carry 1 mark each.
Part B contains two sections: Section 1 (Geology) only for Geology candidates and Section 2
(Geophysics) only for Geophysics candidates. Questions Q.26 – Q.55 in each of these sections carry 2
marks each. The 2 marks questions include two pairs of common data questions and two pairs of
linked answer questions. The answer to the second question of the linked answer questions depends
on the answer to the first question of the pair. If the first question in the linked pair is wrongly
answered or is unattempted, then the answer to the second question in the pair will not be evaluated.
7. Questions Q.56 – Q.65 belong to General Aptitude (GA) section and carry a total of 15 marks.
Questions Q.56 – Q.60 carry 1 mark each, and questions Q.61 – Q.65 carry 2 marks each.
8. Unattempted questions will result in zero mark and wrong answers will result in NEGATIVE marks.
There is no negative marking for questions of numerical answer type, i.e., for Q.26 – Q.30. For all 1
mark questions, ? mark will be deducted for each wrong answer. For all 2 marks questions, ? mark
will be deducted for each wrong answer. However, in the case of the linked answer question pair,
there will be negative marks only for wrong answer to the first question and no negative marks for
wrong answer to the second question.
9. Calculator is allowed. Charts, graph sheets or tables are NOT allowed in the examination hall. Do the
rough work in the Scribble Pad provided.
10. You must sign this sheet and leave it with the invigilators at the end of the examination.
________________________________________________________________________________________
DECLARATION: I hereby declare that I have read and followed all the instructions given in this sheet.
Registration Number GG
Name
Signature
Verified that the above entries are correct.
Invigilator’s signature:
Page 2
GATE 2012 Online Examination
GG : GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
Duration: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Read the following instructions carefully.
1. The computer allotted to you at the examination center runs a specialized software that permits only
one answer to be selected for multiple choice questions using a mouse. Your answers shall be updated
and saved on a server periodically and at the end of the examination.
2. To login, enter your Registration Number and password provided in the envelope. Go through the
symbols used in the test and understand the meaning before you start the examination. You can view
all questions by clicking on the View All Questions button in the screen after the start of the
examination.
3. To answer a question, select the question using the selection panel on the screen and choose the
correct answer by clicking on the radio button next to the answer. To change the answer, just click on
another option. If you wish to leave a previously answered question unanswered, click on the button
next to the selected option.
4. The examination will automatically stop at the end of 3 hours.
5. There are a total of 65 questions carrying 100 marks. Except questions Q.26 – Q.30, all the other
questions are of multiple choice type with only one correct answer. Questions Q.26 - Q.30 require a
numerical answer, and a number should be entered using the virtual keyboard on the monitor.
6. Questions Q.1 – Q.25 of Part-A are common to both Geology and Geophysics and carry 1 mark each.
Part B contains two sections: Section 1 (Geology) only for Geology candidates and Section 2
(Geophysics) only for Geophysics candidates. Questions Q.26 – Q.55 in each of these sections carry 2
marks each. The 2 marks questions include two pairs of common data questions and two pairs of
linked answer questions. The answer to the second question of the linked answer questions depends
on the answer to the first question of the pair. If the first question in the linked pair is wrongly
answered or is unattempted, then the answer to the second question in the pair will not be evaluated.
7. Questions Q.56 – Q.65 belong to General Aptitude (GA) section and carry a total of 15 marks.
Questions Q.56 – Q.60 carry 1 mark each, and questions Q.61 – Q.65 carry 2 marks each.
8. Unattempted questions will result in zero mark and wrong answers will result in NEGATIVE marks.
There is no negative marking for questions of numerical answer type, i.e., for Q.26 – Q.30. For all 1
mark questions, ? mark will be deducted for each wrong answer. For all 2 marks questions, ? mark
will be deducted for each wrong answer. However, in the case of the linked answer question pair,
there will be negative marks only for wrong answer to the first question and no negative marks for
wrong answer to the second question.
9. Calculator is allowed. Charts, graph sheets or tables are NOT allowed in the examination hall. Do the
rough work in the Scribble Pad provided.
10. You must sign this sheet and leave it with the invigilators at the end of the examination.
________________________________________________________________________________________
DECLARATION: I hereby declare that I have read and followed all the instructions given in this sheet.
Registration Number GG
Name
Signature
Verified that the above entries are correct.
Invigilator’s signature:
2012 GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS – GG
GG 2/18
PART A: COMMON TO BOTH GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS CANDIDATES
Q. 1 – Q. 25 carry one mark each.
Q.1 In Mohs’ scale of hardness, how many minerals are of silicate composition?
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
Q.2 Which one of the following river systems forms the largest fluvio-deltaic system in the world?
(A) Mississippi–Ohio (B) Red–Mekong
(C) Ganga–Brahmaputra (D) Yellow–Ba Hoi
Q.3 Which one amongst the following rocks commonly has highest unconfined compressive strength?
(A) Coarse-grained sandstone (B) Mica schist
(C) Fossiliferous limestone (D) Massive basalt
Q.4 Eparchean unconformity separates geological units of
(A) early Archaean from late Archaean (B) Archaean from Proterozoic
(C) Proterozoic from Palaeozoic (D) Archaean from Phanerozoic
Q.5 Point bar deposit is associated with
(A) braided river (B) estuary
(C) meandering river (D) beach
Q.6 Polymetallic nodules on the ocean floor contain significant amounts of:
(A) Cu–Ni–Co (B) Pb–Zn–Ti
(C) Hg–Mo–Pt (D) U–Th–Nb
Q.7 If the rake of net slip of an inclined fault is 90 °, the fault is
(A) strike-slip fault (B) dip-slip fault
(C) oblique-slip fault (D) transcurrent fault
Q.8 On a photo-scale of 1:40000, a square shaped open cast coal mine of 1 km
2
area would have an area
of (in cm
2
)
(A) 2.50 (B) 4.00 (C) 6.25 (D) 12.00
Q.9 Bouguer correction is applied to correct for the gravity anomaly due to mass between station
location and
(A) mean sea level (B) local datum plane
(C) base of upper crust (D) Mohorovicic discontinuity
Q.10 Which one of the following can be estimated from SP log against a saline-water saturated sandstone
formation encountered in a well?
(A) Resistivity of formation water (B) Degree of water saturation
(C) Depth of invasion (D) Permeability
Q.11 During its orbital motion around the Sun, the Earth is nearest to the Sun on
(A) March 21 (B) July 4
(C) September 23 (D) January 3
Page 3
GATE 2012 Online Examination
GG : GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
Duration: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Read the following instructions carefully.
1. The computer allotted to you at the examination center runs a specialized software that permits only
one answer to be selected for multiple choice questions using a mouse. Your answers shall be updated
and saved on a server periodically and at the end of the examination.
2. To login, enter your Registration Number and password provided in the envelope. Go through the
symbols used in the test and understand the meaning before you start the examination. You can view
all questions by clicking on the View All Questions button in the screen after the start of the
examination.
3. To answer a question, select the question using the selection panel on the screen and choose the
correct answer by clicking on the radio button next to the answer. To change the answer, just click on
another option. If you wish to leave a previously answered question unanswered, click on the button
next to the selected option.
4. The examination will automatically stop at the end of 3 hours.
5. There are a total of 65 questions carrying 100 marks. Except questions Q.26 – Q.30, all the other
questions are of multiple choice type with only one correct answer. Questions Q.26 - Q.30 require a
numerical answer, and a number should be entered using the virtual keyboard on the monitor.
6. Questions Q.1 – Q.25 of Part-A are common to both Geology and Geophysics and carry 1 mark each.
Part B contains two sections: Section 1 (Geology) only for Geology candidates and Section 2
(Geophysics) only for Geophysics candidates. Questions Q.26 – Q.55 in each of these sections carry 2
marks each. The 2 marks questions include two pairs of common data questions and two pairs of
linked answer questions. The answer to the second question of the linked answer questions depends
on the answer to the first question of the pair. If the first question in the linked pair is wrongly
answered or is unattempted, then the answer to the second question in the pair will not be evaluated.
7. Questions Q.56 – Q.65 belong to General Aptitude (GA) section and carry a total of 15 marks.
Questions Q.56 – Q.60 carry 1 mark each, and questions Q.61 – Q.65 carry 2 marks each.
8. Unattempted questions will result in zero mark and wrong answers will result in NEGATIVE marks.
There is no negative marking for questions of numerical answer type, i.e., for Q.26 – Q.30. For all 1
mark questions, ? mark will be deducted for each wrong answer. For all 2 marks questions, ? mark
will be deducted for each wrong answer. However, in the case of the linked answer question pair,
there will be negative marks only for wrong answer to the first question and no negative marks for
wrong answer to the second question.
9. Calculator is allowed. Charts, graph sheets or tables are NOT allowed in the examination hall. Do the
rough work in the Scribble Pad provided.
10. You must sign this sheet and leave it with the invigilators at the end of the examination.
________________________________________________________________________________________
DECLARATION: I hereby declare that I have read and followed all the instructions given in this sheet.
Registration Number GG
Name
Signature
Verified that the above entries are correct.
Invigilator’s signature:
2012 GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS – GG
GG 2/18
PART A: COMMON TO BOTH GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS CANDIDATES
Q. 1 – Q. 25 carry one mark each.
Q.1 In Mohs’ scale of hardness, how many minerals are of silicate composition?
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
Q.2 Which one of the following river systems forms the largest fluvio-deltaic system in the world?
(A) Mississippi–Ohio (B) Red–Mekong
(C) Ganga–Brahmaputra (D) Yellow–Ba Hoi
Q.3 Which one amongst the following rocks commonly has highest unconfined compressive strength?
(A) Coarse-grained sandstone (B) Mica schist
(C) Fossiliferous limestone (D) Massive basalt
Q.4 Eparchean unconformity separates geological units of
(A) early Archaean from late Archaean (B) Archaean from Proterozoic
(C) Proterozoic from Palaeozoic (D) Archaean from Phanerozoic
Q.5 Point bar deposit is associated with
(A) braided river (B) estuary
(C) meandering river (D) beach
Q.6 Polymetallic nodules on the ocean floor contain significant amounts of:
(A) Cu–Ni–Co (B) Pb–Zn–Ti
(C) Hg–Mo–Pt (D) U–Th–Nb
Q.7 If the rake of net slip of an inclined fault is 90 °, the fault is
(A) strike-slip fault (B) dip-slip fault
(C) oblique-slip fault (D) transcurrent fault
Q.8 On a photo-scale of 1:40000, a square shaped open cast coal mine of 1 km
2
area would have an area
of (in cm
2
)
(A) 2.50 (B) 4.00 (C) 6.25 (D) 12.00
Q.9 Bouguer correction is applied to correct for the gravity anomaly due to mass between station
location and
(A) mean sea level (B) local datum plane
(C) base of upper crust (D) Mohorovicic discontinuity
Q.10 Which one of the following can be estimated from SP log against a saline-water saturated sandstone
formation encountered in a well?
(A) Resistivity of formation water (B) Degree of water saturation
(C) Depth of invasion (D) Permeability
Q.11 During its orbital motion around the Sun, the Earth is nearest to the Sun on
(A) March 21 (B) July 4
(C) September 23 (D) January 3
2012 GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS – GG
GG 3/18
Q.12 Which one of the following can be best explored using electromagnetic method?
(A) Oil-bearing strata (B) Coal-bearing strata
(C) Disseminated sulphide deposit (D) Massive sulphide deposit
Q.13 Name the planet in the solar system which has its “day” longer than its “year”.
(A) Mercury (B) Venus
(C) Mars (D) Neptune
Q.14 The most sensitive instrument for magnetic survey is
(A) magnetic field balance (B) fluxgate magnetometer
(C) proton precession magnetometer (D) optically pumped magnetometer
Q.15 Which physical property of the medium governs the response of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)?
(A) Electrical conductivity (B) Electromagnetic conductivity
(C) Seismic wave velocity (D) Electrical permeability (dielectric permittivity)
Q.16 Out of the following gases which one has the highest contribution towards the greenhouse effect on
the Earth?
(A) CO
2
(B) CO (C) CH
4
(D) H
2
O
Q.17 Depth range of the ‘transition zone’ associated with phase changes in the Earth’s mantle is (in km)
(A) 35 to 150 (B) 150 to 410
(C) 410 to 660 (D) 660 to 800
Q.18 Choose the correct pair of plutonic rock and its volcanic equivalent.
(A) Gabbro–Trachyte (B) Syenite–Andesite
(C) Granite–Rhyolite (D) Granodiorite–Basalt
Q.19 Which of the following is NOT a variety of silica (SiO
2
)?
(A) Jasper (B) Coesite
(C) Stishovite (D) Flinkite
Q.20 Which one of these is NOT a source of sufficient water supply but can transmit certain quantity of
water on a regional scale due to leakage?
(A) Aquifer (B) Aquitard
(C) Aquiclude (D) Aquifuge
Page 4
GATE 2012 Online Examination
GG : GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
Duration: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Read the following instructions carefully.
1. The computer allotted to you at the examination center runs a specialized software that permits only
one answer to be selected for multiple choice questions using a mouse. Your answers shall be updated
and saved on a server periodically and at the end of the examination.
2. To login, enter your Registration Number and password provided in the envelope. Go through the
symbols used in the test and understand the meaning before you start the examination. You can view
all questions by clicking on the View All Questions button in the screen after the start of the
examination.
3. To answer a question, select the question using the selection panel on the screen and choose the
correct answer by clicking on the radio button next to the answer. To change the answer, just click on
another option. If you wish to leave a previously answered question unanswered, click on the button
next to the selected option.
4. The examination will automatically stop at the end of 3 hours.
5. There are a total of 65 questions carrying 100 marks. Except questions Q.26 – Q.30, all the other
questions are of multiple choice type with only one correct answer. Questions Q.26 - Q.30 require a
numerical answer, and a number should be entered using the virtual keyboard on the monitor.
6. Questions Q.1 – Q.25 of Part-A are common to both Geology and Geophysics and carry 1 mark each.
Part B contains two sections: Section 1 (Geology) only for Geology candidates and Section 2
(Geophysics) only for Geophysics candidates. Questions Q.26 – Q.55 in each of these sections carry 2
marks each. The 2 marks questions include two pairs of common data questions and two pairs of
linked answer questions. The answer to the second question of the linked answer questions depends
on the answer to the first question of the pair. If the first question in the linked pair is wrongly
answered or is unattempted, then the answer to the second question in the pair will not be evaluated.
7. Questions Q.56 – Q.65 belong to General Aptitude (GA) section and carry a total of 15 marks.
Questions Q.56 – Q.60 carry 1 mark each, and questions Q.61 – Q.65 carry 2 marks each.
8. Unattempted questions will result in zero mark and wrong answers will result in NEGATIVE marks.
There is no negative marking for questions of numerical answer type, i.e., for Q.26 – Q.30. For all 1
mark questions, ? mark will be deducted for each wrong answer. For all 2 marks questions, ? mark
will be deducted for each wrong answer. However, in the case of the linked answer question pair,
there will be negative marks only for wrong answer to the first question and no negative marks for
wrong answer to the second question.
9. Calculator is allowed. Charts, graph sheets or tables are NOT allowed in the examination hall. Do the
rough work in the Scribble Pad provided.
10. You must sign this sheet and leave it with the invigilators at the end of the examination.
________________________________________________________________________________________
DECLARATION: I hereby declare that I have read and followed all the instructions given in this sheet.
Registration Number GG
Name
Signature
Verified that the above entries are correct.
Invigilator’s signature:
2012 GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS – GG
GG 2/18
PART A: COMMON TO BOTH GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS CANDIDATES
Q. 1 – Q. 25 carry one mark each.
Q.1 In Mohs’ scale of hardness, how many minerals are of silicate composition?
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
Q.2 Which one of the following river systems forms the largest fluvio-deltaic system in the world?
(A) Mississippi–Ohio (B) Red–Mekong
(C) Ganga–Brahmaputra (D) Yellow–Ba Hoi
Q.3 Which one amongst the following rocks commonly has highest unconfined compressive strength?
(A) Coarse-grained sandstone (B) Mica schist
(C) Fossiliferous limestone (D) Massive basalt
Q.4 Eparchean unconformity separates geological units of
(A) early Archaean from late Archaean (B) Archaean from Proterozoic
(C) Proterozoic from Palaeozoic (D) Archaean from Phanerozoic
Q.5 Point bar deposit is associated with
(A) braided river (B) estuary
(C) meandering river (D) beach
Q.6 Polymetallic nodules on the ocean floor contain significant amounts of:
(A) Cu–Ni–Co (B) Pb–Zn–Ti
(C) Hg–Mo–Pt (D) U–Th–Nb
Q.7 If the rake of net slip of an inclined fault is 90 °, the fault is
(A) strike-slip fault (B) dip-slip fault
(C) oblique-slip fault (D) transcurrent fault
Q.8 On a photo-scale of 1:40000, a square shaped open cast coal mine of 1 km
2
area would have an area
of (in cm
2
)
(A) 2.50 (B) 4.00 (C) 6.25 (D) 12.00
Q.9 Bouguer correction is applied to correct for the gravity anomaly due to mass between station
location and
(A) mean sea level (B) local datum plane
(C) base of upper crust (D) Mohorovicic discontinuity
Q.10 Which one of the following can be estimated from SP log against a saline-water saturated sandstone
formation encountered in a well?
(A) Resistivity of formation water (B) Degree of water saturation
(C) Depth of invasion (D) Permeability
Q.11 During its orbital motion around the Sun, the Earth is nearest to the Sun on
(A) March 21 (B) July 4
(C) September 23 (D) January 3
2012 GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS – GG
GG 3/18
Q.12 Which one of the following can be best explored using electromagnetic method?
(A) Oil-bearing strata (B) Coal-bearing strata
(C) Disseminated sulphide deposit (D) Massive sulphide deposit
Q.13 Name the planet in the solar system which has its “day” longer than its “year”.
(A) Mercury (B) Venus
(C) Mars (D) Neptune
Q.14 The most sensitive instrument for magnetic survey is
(A) magnetic field balance (B) fluxgate magnetometer
(C) proton precession magnetometer (D) optically pumped magnetometer
Q.15 Which physical property of the medium governs the response of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)?
(A) Electrical conductivity (B) Electromagnetic conductivity
(C) Seismic wave velocity (D) Electrical permeability (dielectric permittivity)
Q.16 Out of the following gases which one has the highest contribution towards the greenhouse effect on
the Earth?
(A) CO
2
(B) CO (C) CH
4
(D) H
2
O
Q.17 Depth range of the ‘transition zone’ associated with phase changes in the Earth’s mantle is (in km)
(A) 35 to 150 (B) 150 to 410
(C) 410 to 660 (D) 660 to 800
Q.18 Choose the correct pair of plutonic rock and its volcanic equivalent.
(A) Gabbro–Trachyte (B) Syenite–Andesite
(C) Granite–Rhyolite (D) Granodiorite–Basalt
Q.19 Which of the following is NOT a variety of silica (SiO
2
)?
(A) Jasper (B) Coesite
(C) Stishovite (D) Flinkite
Q.20 Which one of these is NOT a source of sufficient water supply but can transmit certain quantity of
water on a regional scale due to leakage?
(A) Aquifer (B) Aquitard
(C) Aquiclude (D) Aquifuge
2012 GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS – GG
GG 4/18
Q.21 Identify the type of fault present in the given aerial photograph.
(A) Normal fault (B) Reverse fault
(C) Left-lateral strike-slip fault (D) Right-lateral strike-slip fault
Q.22 The Jurassic stratigraphic succession of Kutch is characterized by which one of the following?
(A) Cephalopods (B) Trilobites
(C) Brachiopods (D) Graptolites
Q.23 Which one of the following mineral constituents exhibits strong absorption in the UV-blue band of
the EM spectrum due to charge transfer effect leading to colouration?
(A) Fe-O (B) Si-O (C) Al-OH (D) Mg-OH
Q.24 When did the supercontinent Pangaea begin to break up?
(A) Cenozoic (B) Mesozoic
(C) Palaeozoic (D) Proterozoic
Q.25 In which of the following localities does coal deposit occur?
(A) Dariba (B) Kudremukh
(C) Wardha (D) Rudrasagar
Page 5
GATE 2012 Online Examination
GG : GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
Duration: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Read the following instructions carefully.
1. The computer allotted to you at the examination center runs a specialized software that permits only
one answer to be selected for multiple choice questions using a mouse. Your answers shall be updated
and saved on a server periodically and at the end of the examination.
2. To login, enter your Registration Number and password provided in the envelope. Go through the
symbols used in the test and understand the meaning before you start the examination. You can view
all questions by clicking on the View All Questions button in the screen after the start of the
examination.
3. To answer a question, select the question using the selection panel on the screen and choose the
correct answer by clicking on the radio button next to the answer. To change the answer, just click on
another option. If you wish to leave a previously answered question unanswered, click on the button
next to the selected option.
4. The examination will automatically stop at the end of 3 hours.
5. There are a total of 65 questions carrying 100 marks. Except questions Q.26 – Q.30, all the other
questions are of multiple choice type with only one correct answer. Questions Q.26 - Q.30 require a
numerical answer, and a number should be entered using the virtual keyboard on the monitor.
6. Questions Q.1 – Q.25 of Part-A are common to both Geology and Geophysics and carry 1 mark each.
Part B contains two sections: Section 1 (Geology) only for Geology candidates and Section 2
(Geophysics) only for Geophysics candidates. Questions Q.26 – Q.55 in each of these sections carry 2
marks each. The 2 marks questions include two pairs of common data questions and two pairs of
linked answer questions. The answer to the second question of the linked answer questions depends
on the answer to the first question of the pair. If the first question in the linked pair is wrongly
answered or is unattempted, then the answer to the second question in the pair will not be evaluated.
7. Questions Q.56 – Q.65 belong to General Aptitude (GA) section and carry a total of 15 marks.
Questions Q.56 – Q.60 carry 1 mark each, and questions Q.61 – Q.65 carry 2 marks each.
8. Unattempted questions will result in zero mark and wrong answers will result in NEGATIVE marks.
There is no negative marking for questions of numerical answer type, i.e., for Q.26 – Q.30. For all 1
mark questions, ? mark will be deducted for each wrong answer. For all 2 marks questions, ? mark
will be deducted for each wrong answer. However, in the case of the linked answer question pair,
there will be negative marks only for wrong answer to the first question and no negative marks for
wrong answer to the second question.
9. Calculator is allowed. Charts, graph sheets or tables are NOT allowed in the examination hall. Do the
rough work in the Scribble Pad provided.
10. You must sign this sheet and leave it with the invigilators at the end of the examination.
________________________________________________________________________________________
DECLARATION: I hereby declare that I have read and followed all the instructions given in this sheet.
Registration Number GG
Name
Signature
Verified that the above entries are correct.
Invigilator’s signature:
2012 GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS – GG
GG 2/18
PART A: COMMON TO BOTH GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS CANDIDATES
Q. 1 – Q. 25 carry one mark each.
Q.1 In Mohs’ scale of hardness, how many minerals are of silicate composition?
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
Q.2 Which one of the following river systems forms the largest fluvio-deltaic system in the world?
(A) Mississippi–Ohio (B) Red–Mekong
(C) Ganga–Brahmaputra (D) Yellow–Ba Hoi
Q.3 Which one amongst the following rocks commonly has highest unconfined compressive strength?
(A) Coarse-grained sandstone (B) Mica schist
(C) Fossiliferous limestone (D) Massive basalt
Q.4 Eparchean unconformity separates geological units of
(A) early Archaean from late Archaean (B) Archaean from Proterozoic
(C) Proterozoic from Palaeozoic (D) Archaean from Phanerozoic
Q.5 Point bar deposit is associated with
(A) braided river (B) estuary
(C) meandering river (D) beach
Q.6 Polymetallic nodules on the ocean floor contain significant amounts of:
(A) Cu–Ni–Co (B) Pb–Zn–Ti
(C) Hg–Mo–Pt (D) U–Th–Nb
Q.7 If the rake of net slip of an inclined fault is 90 °, the fault is
(A) strike-slip fault (B) dip-slip fault
(C) oblique-slip fault (D) transcurrent fault
Q.8 On a photo-scale of 1:40000, a square shaped open cast coal mine of 1 km
2
area would have an area
of (in cm
2
)
(A) 2.50 (B) 4.00 (C) 6.25 (D) 12.00
Q.9 Bouguer correction is applied to correct for the gravity anomaly due to mass between station
location and
(A) mean sea level (B) local datum plane
(C) base of upper crust (D) Mohorovicic discontinuity
Q.10 Which one of the following can be estimated from SP log against a saline-water saturated sandstone
formation encountered in a well?
(A) Resistivity of formation water (B) Degree of water saturation
(C) Depth of invasion (D) Permeability
Q.11 During its orbital motion around the Sun, the Earth is nearest to the Sun on
(A) March 21 (B) July 4
(C) September 23 (D) January 3
2012 GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS – GG
GG 3/18
Q.12 Which one of the following can be best explored using electromagnetic method?
(A) Oil-bearing strata (B) Coal-bearing strata
(C) Disseminated sulphide deposit (D) Massive sulphide deposit
Q.13 Name the planet in the solar system which has its “day” longer than its “year”.
(A) Mercury (B) Venus
(C) Mars (D) Neptune
Q.14 The most sensitive instrument for magnetic survey is
(A) magnetic field balance (B) fluxgate magnetometer
(C) proton precession magnetometer (D) optically pumped magnetometer
Q.15 Which physical property of the medium governs the response of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)?
(A) Electrical conductivity (B) Electromagnetic conductivity
(C) Seismic wave velocity (D) Electrical permeability (dielectric permittivity)
Q.16 Out of the following gases which one has the highest contribution towards the greenhouse effect on
the Earth?
(A) CO
2
(B) CO (C) CH
4
(D) H
2
O
Q.17 Depth range of the ‘transition zone’ associated with phase changes in the Earth’s mantle is (in km)
(A) 35 to 150 (B) 150 to 410
(C) 410 to 660 (D) 660 to 800
Q.18 Choose the correct pair of plutonic rock and its volcanic equivalent.
(A) Gabbro–Trachyte (B) Syenite–Andesite
(C) Granite–Rhyolite (D) Granodiorite–Basalt
Q.19 Which of the following is NOT a variety of silica (SiO
2
)?
(A) Jasper (B) Coesite
(C) Stishovite (D) Flinkite
Q.20 Which one of these is NOT a source of sufficient water supply but can transmit certain quantity of
water on a regional scale due to leakage?
(A) Aquifer (B) Aquitard
(C) Aquiclude (D) Aquifuge
2012 GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS – GG
GG 4/18
Q.21 Identify the type of fault present in the given aerial photograph.
(A) Normal fault (B) Reverse fault
(C) Left-lateral strike-slip fault (D) Right-lateral strike-slip fault
Q.22 The Jurassic stratigraphic succession of Kutch is characterized by which one of the following?
(A) Cephalopods (B) Trilobites
(C) Brachiopods (D) Graptolites
Q.23 Which one of the following mineral constituents exhibits strong absorption in the UV-blue band of
the EM spectrum due to charge transfer effect leading to colouration?
(A) Fe-O (B) Si-O (C) Al-OH (D) Mg-OH
Q.24 When did the supercontinent Pangaea begin to break up?
(A) Cenozoic (B) Mesozoic
(C) Palaeozoic (D) Proterozoic
Q.25 In which of the following localities does coal deposit occur?
(A) Dariba (B) Kudremukh
(C) Wardha (D) Rudrasagar
2012 GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS – GG
GG 5/18
PART B (SECTION 1): FOR GEOLOGY CANDIDATES ONLY
Q. 26 to Q. 55 carry two marks each.
Q.26 Specific discharge of 1 cm per day is observed in a porous medium where hydraulic head difference
is 0.5 m and flow length is 20 m. Calculate the hydraulic conductivity (in m/day).
(A) 0.4 (B) 0.8 (C) 1.2 (D) 1.6
Q.27 A sandstone bed dipping 30 ° has an outcrop width of 20 m in a flat terrain. What is the true
thickness (in m) of the bed?
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 20 (D) 30
Q.28 Calculate the concentration (in ppm) of Ni in olivine that crystallizes from a basaltic magma
containing 20 ppm Ni. The partition coefficient (solid/melt) of nickel is 5.
(A) 4 (B) 20 (C) 100 (D) 500
Q.29 An analysis of augite yields 3 silicon atoms calculated on the basis of 12 oxygen atoms. If only Al
replaces Si, calculate the number of tetrahedral-Al in the mineral.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Q.30 Calculate the degree(s) of freedom of the assemblage orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + plagioclase
+ hornblende + quartz + fluid in the chemical system CaO–FeO–MgO–Al
2
O
3
–SiO
2
–H
2
O with
pressure and temperature as physical variables.
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Q.31 Ca-montmorillonite is formed by the chemical weathering of
(A) calcite (B) augite
(C) orthoclase (D) forsterite
Q.32 In which of the following crystal systems, the characteristic symmetry elements “a two-fold axis of
rotation and at least two planes of symmetry” are possible?
(A) Tetragonal (B) Hexagonal
(C) Orthorhombic (D) Monoclinic
Q.33 Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion [a] and Reason [r].
Assertion: Biaxial minerals can be pleochroic in three shades.
Reason: Biaxial minerals have three refractive indices.
(A) Both [a] and [r] are true and [r] is the correct reason for [a]
(B) [a] is true but [r] is false
(C) [a] is false but [r] is true
(D) Both [a] and [r] are true but [r] is not the correct reason for [a]
Q.34 The correct sequence of metamorphic facies with increasing depth in a subduction zone is
(A) greenschist, blueschist, eclogite (B) greenschist, eclogite, blueschist
(C) blueschist, greenschist, eclogite (D) blueschist, eclogite, greenschist
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FAQs on Geology and Geophysics (GG) 2012 GATE Paper with solution - GATE Past Year Papers for Practice (All Branches)
| 1. What is the difference between geology and geophysics? |  |
Ans. Geology is the study of the Earth's solid materials, including rocks, minerals, and the processes that shape and change them over time. Geophysics, on the other hand, focuses on the physical properties and processes of the Earth using physics and mathematical methods.
| 2. How does geology contribute to our understanding of the Earth's history? | |
Ans. Geology helps us understand the Earth's history by studying the rocks and fossils found in different layers of the Earth's crust. By analyzing the age, composition, and arrangement of these rocks and fossils, geologists can reconstruct the past geological events and environments that shaped the Earth.
| 3. What are the practical applications of geophysics? | |
Ans. Geophysics has several practical applications, including:
- Resource exploration: Geophysical techniques, such as seismic surveys and magnetic surveys, are used to locate and map underground resources like oil, gas, and minerals.
- Environmental studies: Geophysics helps in studying and monitoring various environmental phenomena, such as groundwater contamination, soil erosion, and geological hazards like earthquakes and landslides.
- Engineering investigations: Geophysical methods are employed to assess the stability of the ground for construction projects, detect subsurface features like caves or voids, and investigate the properties of soils and rocks for infrastructure development.
| 4. How do geologists determine the age of rocks and fossils? | |
Ans. Geologists use several methods to determine the age of rocks and fossils, including:
- Relative dating: This method involves comparing the ages of different rock layers or fossils to establish their relative order. The principle of superposition, which states that younger rocks are usually found on top of older ones, is often used in relative dating.
- Radiometric dating: This method relies on the decay of radioactive isotopes in rocks and minerals. By measuring the ratios of parent and daughter isotopes, geologists can calculate the age of the rocks or fossils.
| 5. What are the main branches of geophysics? | |
Ans. The main branches of geophysics include:
- Seismology: The study of earthquakes and the propagation of seismic waves through the Earth.
- Geomagnetism: The study of the Earth's magnetic field and its variations.
- Gravity and geodesy: The study of the Earth's gravitational field and its measurement.
- Geothermal and geophysical fluid dynamics: The study of heat transfer and fluid flow within the Earth.
- Remote sensing: The use of satellite and airborne sensors to gather data about the Earth's surface and atmosphere.
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