Table of contents |
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What are Plants? |
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How are Plants Classified? |
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Structure of a Plant and its Parts |
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Leaf |
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Root |
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Flower |
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Important Questions |
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Plants are all around us. They help sustain life on earth by creating food and giving out oxygen that we breathe in.
Parts of a Plant
Plants can be classified on the basis of their height, stem, and branches. On these parameters, plants can be of three types, viz. herbs, shrubs and trees.
Types of Plants
Creepers and Climbers are types of plants, which need support to grow.
A typical plant contains two main parts, viz. roots and stem. The stem bears leaves, flowers and fruits.
Stem usually grows above the ground. The stem makes the main structural framework of the plant. The stem bears leaves, branches, buds, flowers and fruits.
Nodes and Internodes in Stem
Functions of the stem
The leaf is a thin, flat, and green structure which arises from the node of the stem. The green colour of leaves is due to the presence of chlorophyll.
A leaf consists of two parts, namely the leaf lamina and the petiole. Below is the diagram for the parts of the leaf:
Parts of a Leaf
Leaf has different parts:
Some Important Terms Regarding Leaves
Reticulate Venation
Stomata
Functions of Leaves
The underground part of a plant is called root.
- Roots hold the plant firmly in the soil and thus provide anchorage to the plant.
- Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.
- It is usually pale in colour.
Roots of a Plant
The root system consists of two types of roots:
Flower is the most beautiful and colourful part of a flowering plant. It is the reproductive part of a plant.
Parts of Flower
Different parts of flowers and their function
Q.1. What are the different types of plants?
There are several types of plants based on their characteristics and features. The main types include:
- Herbs: These are small plants with a soft, non-woody stem. Examples include mint, basil, and parsley.
- Shrubs: Shrubs are larger than herbs and have a woody stem. They are shorter than trees and often have multiple stems. Examples include lilacs and azaleas.
- Trees: Trees are large plants with a single main stem or trunk, supporting branches and leaves. Examples include oak trees, pine trees, and maple trees.
- Climbers: Climbing plants have specialized structures like tendrils or twining stems that help them climb. Examples include ivy and grapes.
- Creepers: Creeping plants spread horizontally along the ground. They often produce roots at nodes along the stems. Examples include strawberries and ground cover plants.
Q.2. What are the main parts of plants?
The main parts of most land plants include:
- Roots: They anchor the plant in the soil and absorb water and nutrients.
- Stems: These provide structural support and transport water, nutrients, and sugars between the roots and leaves.
- Leaves: Responsible for photosynthesis, where plants convert sunlight into energy.
- Flowers: Reproductive structures that produce seeds.
- Fruits: Develop from flowers and contain seeds. They protect and help disperse seeds.
- Seeds: Contain the embryo and serve as a means of reproduction for the plant.
Q.3. What are the parts of a leaf?
Leaf has different parts:
- Petiole is a narrow, stalk-like structure that connects the leaf to the stem.
- The midrib: Midrib, a continuation of the petiole, is the central vein of the leaf. Smaller veins grow from the midrib.
- The veins: A network of branching veins forms a supporting framework and also serves to transport raw material and manufactured food into and out of the lamina.
- The leaf blade/lamina: The flat, green portion of the leaf is called leaf blade or lamina.
Q.4. What are the parts of a flower?
(a) Sepals: Protective outermost layer of the flower.
(b) Petals: Attractive, often colorful structures that surround the reproductive organs.
(c) Stamens: Male reproductive organs that produce pollen.
(d) Pistil: Female reproductive organ that includes the stigma, style, and ovary.
Q.5. Name the part of a plant that produces food. Name the process.
Leaves produce food through a process called Photosynthesis. In this process, plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose (sugar) and oxygen. Chlorophyll, a pigment in the chloroplasts of plant cells, plays a crucial role in capturing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy.
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1. What are plants? | ![]() |
2. How are plants classified? | ![]() |
3. What are the main parts of a plant? | ![]() |
4. What is the function of a stem in a plant? | ![]() |
5. What is the importance of flowers in a plant? | ![]() |