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Glossary and Important Information - What is Democracy ? Why Democracy ? - Social Studies (SST) Class 9

Glossary 

  • Dictatorship: In it all the powers are in the hands of a single individual or a small group of individual and the dictator is not answerable to anybody.
  • Democracy: It is a form of government in which the ruling power is vested in the hands of the people and the government is answerable to the people who can change it through constitutional means.
  • Communist State: A state-run by the communist Party without allowing other parties to fight elections.
  • Coalition: A combination of parties to share power in the government.
  • Political Prisoners: Prisoners held in prison or detained for opposing the government.
  • Dictator: Head of the state who arbitrarily rules the country.
  • Constitution: Rules of laws according to which the government of the state runs.

Glossary and Important Information - What is Democracy ? Why Democracy ? | Social Studies (SST) Class 9

Important Information

What is Democracy?

  •  Democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people.
  •  One chief factor common to all democracies is that the government is chosen by the people.

Why define Democracy?

  • Defining Democracy is important because: It helps students to demarcate between democratic and non-democratic governments. 
  • From the non-democratic government, take the example of Myanmar, where rulers were not elected by the people. 
  • Those who were in charge of the army of the country took over as rulers and people had no say in this decision. 
  • Dictators like Pinochet (Chile) are not elected by the people. This also applies to monarchies.

Question for Glossary and Important Information - What is Democracy ? Why Democracy ?
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What is the main characteristic of a dictatorship?
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A Simple Definition

Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.

Features of Democracy 

  •  The rulers are elected by the people.
  • Free and competitive elections are held.
  • Each adult irrespective of religion, education, caste, colour, wealth have one vote, one value.
  • The elected rulers take decisions within limits set by constitutional law and citizens’ rights.
  • Rule of Law
  • The rights of the citizens must be protected through Constitution.
  • There must be an independent judiciary

Major Decisions by Elected leaders

  • In Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in October 1999 and overthrew a democratically elected government and became President of the country.

General Pervez MusharrafGeneral Pervez Musharraf

  • In 2002, he held a referendum in the country which was based on malpractices and fraud granted him a five-year extension.
  • After passing the law, the ‘Legal Framework Order’ which gave the president power to dismiss the national and provincial assemblies, elections were held to the national and provincial assemblies.
  • In this case, Pakistan has had elections, elected representatives have some powers.
  • But the final power rests with military officers and General Musharraf himself. So, this should not be called a democracy.
  • In a democracy, the final decision-making power must rest with those elected by the people.

 Free and fair electoral competition

  •  In China, elections are regularly held after every five years for electing the country’s parliament called the National People’s Congress.
  • Before contesting elections, a candidate needs the approval of the Chinese Communist Party.
  • The government is always formed by the Communist Party.
  • Mexico holds elections after every six years to elect its President.→ But until 2000 every election was won by a party called PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party). → Opposition parties did contest elections but never managed to win as PRI was known to use many dirty tricks to win elections.
  • Both the cases should not be called a democracy.
  • Democracy must be based on a free and fair election where those currently in power have a fair chance of losing.

Question for Glossary and Important Information - What is Democracy ? Why Democracy ?
Try yourself:
Which of the following is a feature of democracy?
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One person, One vote, One value

  • There are many instances of denial of equal right to vote.
  • In Saudi Arabia, women do not have the right to vote.
  • Estonia has made its citizenship rules in such a way that people belonging to the Russian minority find it difficult to get the right to vote. 
  • In Fiji, the electoral system is such that the vote of an indigenous Fiji has more value than that of an Indian-Fijian.
  • In a democracy, each adult citizen must have one vote and each vote must have one value.

Summary Definition

Democracy is a form of government in which:

(i) Rulers elected by the people take all the major decisions.

(ii) Elections offer a choice and fair opportunity to the people to change the current rulers.

(iii) This choice and opportunity are available to all people on an equal basis.

(iv) The exercise of this choice leads to a government limited by basic rules of the constitution and citizens rights.

Rule of Law and Respect for Rights 

  • Since independence, Zimbabwe ruled by ZANU-PF.
  • Its leader, Robert Mugabe has been ruling the country. He is popular but also uses unfair practices in elections.
  • Elections have been held regularly and always won by ZANU-PF.
  • Opposition party workers are harassed and their meeting disrupted.
  • Public protests and demonstrations against the government are declared illegal.
  • Television and radio are controlled by the government and give only the ruling party’s version.
  • Independent newspapers are there but the government harasses those journalists who go against it.
  • The government has ignored some court judgments that went against it and has pressurised judges.
  • In this case, the government is not democratic as there is no citizen basic rights, no political opposition, no judiciary.
  • A democratic government rule within limits set by constitutional law and citizens’ rights.

Why Democracy?

Debating Merits of Democracy

  • Democracy, as a principle, can go beyond the government and can be applied to any sphere of life. 
  • People use the word democracy not to describe any existing government but to set up an ideal standard that all democracies must aim to become. 
  • However, if the ideals of democracy are considered then no country in the world is correctly democratic.

Arguments against democracy

  • Leaders keep changing in a democracy. This leads to instability.
  • Democracy is all about political competition and power play. There is no scope for morality.
  • So many people have to be consulted in a democracy that it leads to delays.
  • Elected leaders do not know the best interest of the people. It leads to bad decisions.
  • Democracy leads to corruption for it is based on electoral competition.
  • Ordinary people don’t know what is good for them; they should not decide anything.

Arguments for democracy

  • A democratic government is a better government because it is a more accountable form of government.
  • Democracy improves the quality of decision-making.
  • Democracy provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts.
  • Democracy enhances the dignity of citizens.
  • Democracy allows us to correct our own mistakes.

Question for Glossary and Important Information - What is Democracy ? Why Democracy ?
Try yourself:
What is the main characteristic of a democratic government?
View Solution

Broader Meanings of Democracy 

  • The most common form that democracy takes in our times is that of a representative democracy where the majority is allowed to take decisions on behalf of all the people.
  • The majority of people rule through their elected representatives.
  • A democratic decision involves consultation with and consent of all those who are affected by that decision.
  • Democracy is a principle that can be applied to any sphere of life.
  • Democracy can apply to a government or a family or any other organisation.
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FAQs on Glossary and Important Information - What is Democracy ? Why Democracy ? - Social Studies (SST) Class 9

1. What is the meaning of democracy?
Ans. Democracy is a form of government where the power to make decisions is vested in the hands of the people. It is a system in which citizens have the right to participate in the decision-making process and have their voices heard.
2. What are the features of democracy?
Ans. The features of democracy include: 1. Free and fair elections: Democracy ensures that elections are conducted in a transparent and unbiased manner, allowing citizens to choose their representatives freely. 2. Protection of human rights: Democracy guarantees the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and expression. 3. Rule of law: In a democratic system, everyone, including the government, is subject to the law. It ensures equal treatment and accountability for all. 4. Separation of powers: Democracy divides power among different branches of government, such as the executive, legislature, and judiciary, to prevent concentration of power. 5. Active citizen participation: Democracy encourages citizens to actively participate in political processes, such as voting, engaging in public debates, and joining political organizations.
3. Why is democracy important?
Ans. Democracy is important because: 1. Protection of individual rights: Democracy ensures the protection of individual rights and freedoms, allowing citizens to live with dignity and autonomy. 2. Accountability and transparency: In a democratic system, government officials are accountable to the people. Transparency in decision-making and governance helps prevent corruption and abuse of power. 3. Peaceful resolution of conflicts: Democracy provides a platform for peaceful resolution of conflicts through dialogue and negotiation, reducing the chances of violence and unrest. 4. Economic development: Democracy promotes economic growth by fostering an environment of stability, innovation, and investment, leading to the overall development of the nation. 5. Social progress: Democracy encourages equal opportunities, social justice, and inclusivity, promoting the overall progress and well-being of society.
4. What are the broader meanings of democracy?
Ans. Democracy has broader meanings beyond its political definition. It can also refer to: 1. Social democracy: This refers to a political ideology that combines democracy with social and economic reforms, aiming to reduce inequality and provide welfare for all citizens. 2. Cultural democracy: This concept emphasizes the equal value and recognition of diverse cultural expressions and traditions within a society. 3. Media democracy: It refers to the idea that the media should be independent, pluralistic, and accessible to all, enabling free flow of information and diverse viewpoints. 4. Global democracy: This concept advocates for democratic principles to be applied on a global scale, promoting global governance, cooperation, and decision-making processes. 5. Environmental democracy: It focuses on the participation of citizens in environmental decision-making, aiming to ensure sustainable and responsible environmental policies.
5. How does democracy benefit society?
Ans. Democracy benefits society in various ways: 1. Protection of individual rights: Democracy guarantees the protection of individual rights and freedoms, ensuring equal opportunities and respect for all citizens. 2. Accountability and transparency: Democratic systems hold government officials accountable for their actions, promoting transparency and preventing corruption. 3. Peaceful resolution of conflicts: Democracy provides a peaceful platform for resolving conflicts through dialogue and negotiation, reducing the chances of violence and instability. 4. Freedom of expression: Democracy allows citizens to freely express their opinions, fostering a vibrant public discourse and promoting innovation and progress. 5. Social progress and equality: Democracy promotes social justice, equal opportunities, and inclusivity, leading to the overall progress and well-being of the society.
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