Growth of Kerala in Modern Times | Kerala State PSC (KPSC) Preparation - Kerala PSC KAS PDF Download

 Page 1


29 6
THE GROWTH
 
OF BRITISH POWER IN KERALA
? First Englishman who came to Kerala was per- haps Master Ralph Fitch. He is known as ‘‘Pio- neer Englishman’’
? The 1616 Captain Keeling arrived in Calicut with three ships which brought Sir Thomas Roe on his embassy to the 
court of Jahangir.
? British merchants exported pepper to England for the first time from Cochin in 1626.
? First English factory in Kerala was set up at Vizhinjam.
? In 1695 the English constructed the Anjengo fort with the permission of Attingal Rani. Construc - tion was started in 
1684.
? The Attingal Outbreak was on 15 April 1721. It was between the natives and the British traders. 140 Englishmen were 
massacred by the natives. The event occured near Anjengo.
? Attingal Revolt was the first organised revolt against the English in Kerala.
Page 2


29 6
THE GROWTH
 
OF BRITISH POWER IN KERALA
? First Englishman who came to Kerala was per- haps Master Ralph Fitch. He is known as ‘‘Pio- neer Englishman’’
? The 1616 Captain Keeling arrived in Calicut with three ships which brought Sir Thomas Roe on his embassy to the 
court of Jahangir.
? British merchants exported pepper to England for the first time from Cochin in 1626.
? First English factory in Kerala was set up at Vizhinjam.
? In 1695 the English constructed the Anjengo fort with the permission of Attingal Rani. Construc - tion was started in 
1684.
? The Attingal Outbreak was on 15 April 1721. It was between the natives and the British traders. 140 Englishmen were 
massacred by the natives. The event occured near Anjengo.
? Attingal Revolt was the first organised revolt against the English in Kerala.
29 7
? The April 1723 a formal treaty was concluded
between the English East India Company and the
king of Travancore. It was  the first treaty negoti-
ated by the English East India Company with an
Indian State. This was a treaty of friendship.
? By 1800 Cochin came under the control of the
English East India Company.
? By the treaty concluded in 1795 Travancore ac-
cepted the Supremacy of the Company.
? Col. Macaulay was appointed as the first British
Resident in Travancore.
? The treaty of 1805 which was negotiated by Velu
Thampi Dalawa resulted in the loss of the politi-
cal freedom of Travancore.
CHALLENGE TO BRITISH SUPREMACY
? The more serious of the revolts against the Brit-
ish in Malabar were organised by Kerala Varma
Pazhassi Raja of Kottayam Royal Family.
? Pazhassi’s first revolt was in 1793 - 1797, second
revolt was in 1800-1805.
? Cause of Pazhassi revolt was the revenue policy
of the British.
? Pazhassi Raja organised the guerilla warfare from
the Wynadu hills particularly from the Puralimala
With the help of Kurichyas and Kurumbas, the
tribals of Wynadu and Nairs.
? Kannavath Sankaran Nambiar, Kaiteri Ambu Nair,
Edachanna Kungan Nair and Kurichya leader
Talakkal Chandu were the able lieutenants of
Pazhassi.
? On the 30th November
1805 the Raja was shot
dead by Thomas
Harvey Baber,
Subcollector of
Tellichery. Sir Arthur
Wellesley (later Duke
of Wellington) was the
Commander in Chief of
the British forces in
Malabar.
? Pazhassi was killed on the banks of ‘Mavilathode’.
Important Years
? Attingal Rebellion .......................... 1721
? Kulachal Battle ............................... 1741
? Kundara Proclamation .................... 1809
? Kurichyar Rebellion ....................... 1812
? Channar Lahala .............................. 1859
? Malayali Memorial (Travancore) ..... 1891
? Ezhava Memorial ............................ 1896
? Mopla Rebellion, Wagon Tragedy .. 1921
? V aikkom Satyagraha ....................... 1924
? Civil Disobedience Movement ........ 1930
? Guruvayoor Satyagraha .................. 1931
? Nivarthana Agitation ...................... 1932
? Temple Entry Proclamation ............. 1936
? State Congress Movement ............. 1938
? Kayyur Rebellion ........................... 1941
? Punnapra Vayalar Rebellion ............ 1946
? Formation of Kerala State ............... 1956
? Liberation Movement ..................... 1959
? ‘‘Kerala Simham’ is a historical novel written by
Sardar K.M. Panicker about Pazahassi Raja. The
Malayalam film ‘Kerala Simham’ was directed by
Navodaya Appachan.
? Parankippadayali is also a novel written by K.M.
Panicker.
REVOL T OF VELU TAMPI AND PALIA TH ACHAN
? VeluThampi was the Dalawa of Travancore
? Velu Thampi was appointed Mulakumadiseela
Karyakar (Commercial minister in 1799 by
Balaramavarma)
? In 1800 he became the Dalawa.
? Velu Tampi introduced travelling courts in
Travancore.
? On 11 January 1809 (1st Makaram 984) issued the
famous Kundara Proclamation indicting the Brit-
ish rule and exhorting the people to rally under
his banner for a patriotic struggle against the for-
eigners.
Sir Arthur Wellesley
Page 3


29 6
THE GROWTH
 
OF BRITISH POWER IN KERALA
? First Englishman who came to Kerala was per- haps Master Ralph Fitch. He is known as ‘‘Pio- neer Englishman’’
? The 1616 Captain Keeling arrived in Calicut with three ships which brought Sir Thomas Roe on his embassy to the 
court of Jahangir.
? British merchants exported pepper to England for the first time from Cochin in 1626.
? First English factory in Kerala was set up at Vizhinjam.
? In 1695 the English constructed the Anjengo fort with the permission of Attingal Rani. Construc - tion was started in 
1684.
? The Attingal Outbreak was on 15 April 1721. It was between the natives and the British traders. 140 Englishmen were 
massacred by the natives. The event occured near Anjengo.
? Attingal Revolt was the first organised revolt against the English in Kerala.
29 7
? The April 1723 a formal treaty was concluded
between the English East India Company and the
king of Travancore. It was  the first treaty negoti-
ated by the English East India Company with an
Indian State. This was a treaty of friendship.
? By 1800 Cochin came under the control of the
English East India Company.
? By the treaty concluded in 1795 Travancore ac-
cepted the Supremacy of the Company.
? Col. Macaulay was appointed as the first British
Resident in Travancore.
? The treaty of 1805 which was negotiated by Velu
Thampi Dalawa resulted in the loss of the politi-
cal freedom of Travancore.
CHALLENGE TO BRITISH SUPREMACY
? The more serious of the revolts against the Brit-
ish in Malabar were organised by Kerala Varma
Pazhassi Raja of Kottayam Royal Family.
? Pazhassi’s first revolt was in 1793 - 1797, second
revolt was in 1800-1805.
? Cause of Pazhassi revolt was the revenue policy
of the British.
? Pazhassi Raja organised the guerilla warfare from
the Wynadu hills particularly from the Puralimala
With the help of Kurichyas and Kurumbas, the
tribals of Wynadu and Nairs.
? Kannavath Sankaran Nambiar, Kaiteri Ambu Nair,
Edachanna Kungan Nair and Kurichya leader
Talakkal Chandu were the able lieutenants of
Pazhassi.
? On the 30th November
1805 the Raja was shot
dead by Thomas
Harvey Baber,
Subcollector of
Tellichery. Sir Arthur
Wellesley (later Duke
of Wellington) was the
Commander in Chief of
the British forces in
Malabar.
? Pazhassi was killed on the banks of ‘Mavilathode’.
Important Years
? Attingal Rebellion .......................... 1721
? Kulachal Battle ............................... 1741
? Kundara Proclamation .................... 1809
? Kurichyar Rebellion ....................... 1812
? Channar Lahala .............................. 1859
? Malayali Memorial (Travancore) ..... 1891
? Ezhava Memorial ............................ 1896
? Mopla Rebellion, Wagon Tragedy .. 1921
? V aikkom Satyagraha ....................... 1924
? Civil Disobedience Movement ........ 1930
? Guruvayoor Satyagraha .................. 1931
? Nivarthana Agitation ...................... 1932
? Temple Entry Proclamation ............. 1936
? State Congress Movement ............. 1938
? Kayyur Rebellion ........................... 1941
? Punnapra Vayalar Rebellion ............ 1946
? Formation of Kerala State ............... 1956
? Liberation Movement ..................... 1959
? ‘‘Kerala Simham’ is a historical novel written by
Sardar K.M. Panicker about Pazahassi Raja. The
Malayalam film ‘Kerala Simham’ was directed by
Navodaya Appachan.
? Parankippadayali is also a novel written by K.M.
Panicker.
REVOL T OF VELU TAMPI AND PALIA TH ACHAN
? VeluThampi was the Dalawa of Travancore
? Velu Thampi was appointed Mulakumadiseela
Karyakar (Commercial minister in 1799 by
Balaramavarma)
? In 1800 he became the Dalawa.
? Velu Tampi introduced travelling courts in
Travancore.
? On 11 January 1809 (1st Makaram 984) issued the
famous Kundara Proclamation indicting the Brit-
ish rule and exhorting the people to rally under
his banner for a patriotic struggle against the for-
eigners.
Sir Arthur Wellesley
29 8
Books written by
Missionaries in Kerala
Kariyattil OusephMaplan ......................................
.....................................V eda Tharkkam (1678)
Clement Pianos ......... Samkshepa V edartham (1772)
Paramekkal Thomakathanar .. Varthamanapustakam
(1785)
Rv. George Mathan ............. Balabhyasanam (1867)
Dr. Gundert .................................. Keralappazhama
Arch Decon Koshi ...................... MalayalaBhasha
Arnosu Pathiri ............... Puthanpana Chaturasyam
? He organised a Hussur Kachery at Kollam.
? Velu Thampi committed suicide in the house of
the Potti of the Bhagavati temple at Mannadi.
? His relatives were deported to Maldives.
? The oldest male member of the Paliyam family was
the hereditary Diwan of Cochin Raja.
? Paliyat Achan revolted against the British in col-
laboration with Velu Thampi. But he was finally
defeated and deported to Madras. Cochin became
a subsidiary state of the British in 1809.
? The Kurchyas and Kurumbas of Wynad rose in
revolt against the British in 1812.
? Kurichya Revolt was the last of the early revolts
broke out in Malabar against the British su-
premacy .
ENLIGHTENED ADMINISTRATION
IN TRAV ANCORE
? After the death of Dharmaraja, Balarama Varma
came to the throne.
? He appointed Veluthampi as his commerce minis-
ter and then the Dalawa.
? Ummini Thampi became the new Dalawa after
V eluthampi.
? The weaver’s township of Balaramapuram was
created by Ummini Thampi.
? Resident col. Monro was appointed as the first
English Diwan in Travancore ( Rani Gauri Lekshmi
Bai  1710).
? The Secretariat System was introduced in
Travancore by Col. Munro.
? Col.Munro changed the Karyakar position to
Tahsildar.
? The direct management of Devaswams by Govt
was introduced by Col. Monro.
? In 1812 Rani Gauri Lakshmi Bai abolished slavery
in Travancore.
? The London Mission Society (LMS) at Nagercoil
established was in 1816 under the patronage of
Gauri Parvati Bai.
? The reign of Swathi
Thirunal (1829-
1847) was a Golden
Age in the history of
Travancore.
? Swathi Thirunal was
known as
‘Garbhasreeman’
? S u c h e e n d r a n
Kaimukku was also
abolished by Swathi
Thirunal.
? He shifted Hussur Kachery from Quilon to
Trivandrum.
? He introduced English Education in Trivandrum.
? An English School was opened at TVM in 1834 in
1836 it became Raja’s Free School.
? Swathithirunal opened the Trivandrum observa-
tory in 1836.
? He introduced the first charity hospital at TVM.
? He set up the Department of Engineering, Irriga-
tion and Maramathu Department for the first time.
? First census of the state was conducted in 1836
by Swathi Thirunal.
? Utram Tirunal Marthanda Varma abolished all re-
strictions in regard to the covering of their upper
parts by a Channar women in South Travancore
in 1859.
Swati Thirunal
Page 4


29 6
THE GROWTH
 
OF BRITISH POWER IN KERALA
? First Englishman who came to Kerala was per- haps Master Ralph Fitch. He is known as ‘‘Pio- neer Englishman’’
? The 1616 Captain Keeling arrived in Calicut with three ships which brought Sir Thomas Roe on his embassy to the 
court of Jahangir.
? British merchants exported pepper to England for the first time from Cochin in 1626.
? First English factory in Kerala was set up at Vizhinjam.
? In 1695 the English constructed the Anjengo fort with the permission of Attingal Rani. Construc - tion was started in 
1684.
? The Attingal Outbreak was on 15 April 1721. It was between the natives and the British traders. 140 Englishmen were 
massacred by the natives. The event occured near Anjengo.
? Attingal Revolt was the first organised revolt against the English in Kerala.
29 7
? The April 1723 a formal treaty was concluded
between the English East India Company and the
king of Travancore. It was  the first treaty negoti-
ated by the English East India Company with an
Indian State. This was a treaty of friendship.
? By 1800 Cochin came under the control of the
English East India Company.
? By the treaty concluded in 1795 Travancore ac-
cepted the Supremacy of the Company.
? Col. Macaulay was appointed as the first British
Resident in Travancore.
? The treaty of 1805 which was negotiated by Velu
Thampi Dalawa resulted in the loss of the politi-
cal freedom of Travancore.
CHALLENGE TO BRITISH SUPREMACY
? The more serious of the revolts against the Brit-
ish in Malabar were organised by Kerala Varma
Pazhassi Raja of Kottayam Royal Family.
? Pazhassi’s first revolt was in 1793 - 1797, second
revolt was in 1800-1805.
? Cause of Pazhassi revolt was the revenue policy
of the British.
? Pazhassi Raja organised the guerilla warfare from
the Wynadu hills particularly from the Puralimala
With the help of Kurichyas and Kurumbas, the
tribals of Wynadu and Nairs.
? Kannavath Sankaran Nambiar, Kaiteri Ambu Nair,
Edachanna Kungan Nair and Kurichya leader
Talakkal Chandu were the able lieutenants of
Pazhassi.
? On the 30th November
1805 the Raja was shot
dead by Thomas
Harvey Baber,
Subcollector of
Tellichery. Sir Arthur
Wellesley (later Duke
of Wellington) was the
Commander in Chief of
the British forces in
Malabar.
? Pazhassi was killed on the banks of ‘Mavilathode’.
Important Years
? Attingal Rebellion .......................... 1721
? Kulachal Battle ............................... 1741
? Kundara Proclamation .................... 1809
? Kurichyar Rebellion ....................... 1812
? Channar Lahala .............................. 1859
? Malayali Memorial (Travancore) ..... 1891
? Ezhava Memorial ............................ 1896
? Mopla Rebellion, Wagon Tragedy .. 1921
? V aikkom Satyagraha ....................... 1924
? Civil Disobedience Movement ........ 1930
? Guruvayoor Satyagraha .................. 1931
? Nivarthana Agitation ...................... 1932
? Temple Entry Proclamation ............. 1936
? State Congress Movement ............. 1938
? Kayyur Rebellion ........................... 1941
? Punnapra Vayalar Rebellion ............ 1946
? Formation of Kerala State ............... 1956
? Liberation Movement ..................... 1959
? ‘‘Kerala Simham’ is a historical novel written by
Sardar K.M. Panicker about Pazahassi Raja. The
Malayalam film ‘Kerala Simham’ was directed by
Navodaya Appachan.
? Parankippadayali is also a novel written by K.M.
Panicker.
REVOL T OF VELU TAMPI AND PALIA TH ACHAN
? VeluThampi was the Dalawa of Travancore
? Velu Thampi was appointed Mulakumadiseela
Karyakar (Commercial minister in 1799 by
Balaramavarma)
? In 1800 he became the Dalawa.
? Velu Tampi introduced travelling courts in
Travancore.
? On 11 January 1809 (1st Makaram 984) issued the
famous Kundara Proclamation indicting the Brit-
ish rule and exhorting the people to rally under
his banner for a patriotic struggle against the for-
eigners.
Sir Arthur Wellesley
29 8
Books written by
Missionaries in Kerala
Kariyattil OusephMaplan ......................................
.....................................V eda Tharkkam (1678)
Clement Pianos ......... Samkshepa V edartham (1772)
Paramekkal Thomakathanar .. Varthamanapustakam
(1785)
Rv. George Mathan ............. Balabhyasanam (1867)
Dr. Gundert .................................. Keralappazhama
Arch Decon Koshi ...................... MalayalaBhasha
Arnosu Pathiri ............... Puthanpana Chaturasyam
? He organised a Hussur Kachery at Kollam.
? Velu Thampi committed suicide in the house of
the Potti of the Bhagavati temple at Mannadi.
? His relatives were deported to Maldives.
? The oldest male member of the Paliyam family was
the hereditary Diwan of Cochin Raja.
? Paliyat Achan revolted against the British in col-
laboration with Velu Thampi. But he was finally
defeated and deported to Madras. Cochin became
a subsidiary state of the British in 1809.
? The Kurchyas and Kurumbas of Wynad rose in
revolt against the British in 1812.
? Kurichya Revolt was the last of the early revolts
broke out in Malabar against the British su-
premacy .
ENLIGHTENED ADMINISTRATION
IN TRAV ANCORE
? After the death of Dharmaraja, Balarama Varma
came to the throne.
? He appointed Veluthampi as his commerce minis-
ter and then the Dalawa.
? Ummini Thampi became the new Dalawa after
V eluthampi.
? The weaver’s township of Balaramapuram was
created by Ummini Thampi.
? Resident col. Monro was appointed as the first
English Diwan in Travancore ( Rani Gauri Lekshmi
Bai  1710).
? The Secretariat System was introduced in
Travancore by Col. Munro.
? Col.Munro changed the Karyakar position to
Tahsildar.
? The direct management of Devaswams by Govt
was introduced by Col. Monro.
? In 1812 Rani Gauri Lakshmi Bai abolished slavery
in Travancore.
? The London Mission Society (LMS) at Nagercoil
established was in 1816 under the patronage of
Gauri Parvati Bai.
? The reign of Swathi
Thirunal (1829-
1847) was a Golden
Age in the history of
Travancore.
? Swathi Thirunal was
known as
‘Garbhasreeman’
? S u c h e e n d r a n
Kaimukku was also
abolished by Swathi
Thirunal.
? He shifted Hussur Kachery from Quilon to
Trivandrum.
? He introduced English Education in Trivandrum.
? An English School was opened at TVM in 1834 in
1836 it became Raja’s Free School.
? Swathithirunal opened the Trivandrum observa-
tory in 1836.
? He introduced the first charity hospital at TVM.
? He set up the Department of Engineering, Irriga-
tion and Maramathu Department for the first time.
? First census of the state was conducted in 1836
by Swathi Thirunal.
? Utram Tirunal Marthanda Varma abolished all re-
strictions in regard to the covering of their upper
parts by a Channar women in South Travancore
in 1859.
Swati Thirunal
29 9
? First Post-Office in Travancore (also of Kerala)
was opened at Alleppey during the reign of Utram
Thirunal Marthanda V arma in 1857.
? First modern factory for the manufacture of coir
was also opened at Alleppey (1859) during the
period of Utram Thirunal Marthanda V arma.
? Beginning of Agrarian Reforms in Travanore was
during the period of Ayilyam Thirunal
? The Pandarapattam Proclamation (1865) and the
Janmi-Kudiyam Proclamation (1867) for agrar-
ian reforms were during the period of Ayilyam
Thirunal.
? Trivandrum Museum building and the main build-
ing of Trivandrum University College were con-
structed during the reign of Ayilyam Thirunal.
? The first systematic census of Travancore was
taken on May 18, 1875 by Ayilyam Thirunal.
? Ayilyam Thirunal was also the first Raja of
Travancore to receive the title ‘Maharaja’ from
the British crown.
? Ayurveda College was started  during the period
of Sri Mulam Thirunal (1885-1924)
? Sri Mulam Tirunal formulated a Legislative Coun-
cil in 1888. This was the first Legislative Council
in an Indian State.
? The Sri Mulam Popular Assembly (Praja Sabha)
was formed in 1904 by Sri Mulam Thirunal.
? Devadasi System in the temples of South
Travancore was abolished during the regency of
Setu Lekshmi Bai.
? Sri Chitra Thirunal Balarama V arma (1931-1949)
was the  last ruling Raja of Travancore.
? The Temple Entry Proclamation (1936) and the
establishment of Travancore University (1937)
were the  significant achievements of Sri Chitra
Thirunal.
? Travancore Rubber Works (Trivandrum) Kundara
Ceramic Factory, Punalur Plywood Factory and
Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore Limited
(Elur) were started during the period of Sri Chitra
Tirunal.
? The execution of the Pallivasal Hydroelectric
Scheme and the introduction of  State Transport
Services were also done by Sri Chitra Thirunal.
? Sir C.P . Ramaswami Ayyar was the Diwan of Sri
Chitra Thirunal.
MALABAR REBELLION
? The Malabar Rebellion was in 1921
? The attempted arrest of Vadakkeveetil
Muhammed, the Secretary of the Khilafat Com-
mittee at Pukottur in Eranadu Taluk, led to a se-
ries of violent clashes between the police and the
Mappilas in the Eranadu and V alluvanadu Taluks.
? Variyankunnathu Kunjahammad Haji, Koya
Tangal and Ali Musaliyar were the famous lead-
ers of the revolt.
? One of the tragic episodes of the rebellion was
the ‘Wagon Tragedy’ in which 61 of 90 Mappilas
carried as prisoners in a closed railway goods
wagon from Tirur, to Coimbatore on November
10, 1921 died of suffocation.
POLITICAL MOVEMENTS IN TRA V ANCORE
AND COCHIN
? The Malayali Memorial was submitted to the  Ma-
haraja on January 1, 1891 against the appoint-
ment of Tamil Brahmins in Government Service.
? The Malayali Memorial was signed by 10,028 per-
sons.
? The brain behind the Malayali Memorial was
Barister G.P .Pillai and K.P . Sankaramenon.
? The Ezhava Memorial was sub-
mitted on 3rd September 1896,
signed by 13,176 members of
the Ezhava community under
the leadership of Dr. Palpu.
? K. Ramakrishna Pillai, the edi-
tor of the ‘‘Swadesha
bhimani’’ owned by Vakkam
Abdul Khadir Maulavi pub-
lished a series of articles
criticising the Diwan P . Rajagopalachari and the
king Sri Mulam Thirunal.
? K. Ramakrishna Pillai was deported from the State
in September 1910, he died at Cannanore in April
1916.
Dr . Palpu
Page 5


29 6
THE GROWTH
 
OF BRITISH POWER IN KERALA
? First Englishman who came to Kerala was per- haps Master Ralph Fitch. He is known as ‘‘Pio- neer Englishman’’
? The 1616 Captain Keeling arrived in Calicut with three ships which brought Sir Thomas Roe on his embassy to the 
court of Jahangir.
? British merchants exported pepper to England for the first time from Cochin in 1626.
? First English factory in Kerala was set up at Vizhinjam.
? In 1695 the English constructed the Anjengo fort with the permission of Attingal Rani. Construc - tion was started in 
1684.
? The Attingal Outbreak was on 15 April 1721. It was between the natives and the British traders. 140 Englishmen were 
massacred by the natives. The event occured near Anjengo.
? Attingal Revolt was the first organised revolt against the English in Kerala.
29 7
? The April 1723 a formal treaty was concluded
between the English East India Company and the
king of Travancore. It was  the first treaty negoti-
ated by the English East India Company with an
Indian State. This was a treaty of friendship.
? By 1800 Cochin came under the control of the
English East India Company.
? By the treaty concluded in 1795 Travancore ac-
cepted the Supremacy of the Company.
? Col. Macaulay was appointed as the first British
Resident in Travancore.
? The treaty of 1805 which was negotiated by Velu
Thampi Dalawa resulted in the loss of the politi-
cal freedom of Travancore.
CHALLENGE TO BRITISH SUPREMACY
? The more serious of the revolts against the Brit-
ish in Malabar were organised by Kerala Varma
Pazhassi Raja of Kottayam Royal Family.
? Pazhassi’s first revolt was in 1793 - 1797, second
revolt was in 1800-1805.
? Cause of Pazhassi revolt was the revenue policy
of the British.
? Pazhassi Raja organised the guerilla warfare from
the Wynadu hills particularly from the Puralimala
With the help of Kurichyas and Kurumbas, the
tribals of Wynadu and Nairs.
? Kannavath Sankaran Nambiar, Kaiteri Ambu Nair,
Edachanna Kungan Nair and Kurichya leader
Talakkal Chandu were the able lieutenants of
Pazhassi.
? On the 30th November
1805 the Raja was shot
dead by Thomas
Harvey Baber,
Subcollector of
Tellichery. Sir Arthur
Wellesley (later Duke
of Wellington) was the
Commander in Chief of
the British forces in
Malabar.
? Pazhassi was killed on the banks of ‘Mavilathode’.
Important Years
? Attingal Rebellion .......................... 1721
? Kulachal Battle ............................... 1741
? Kundara Proclamation .................... 1809
? Kurichyar Rebellion ....................... 1812
? Channar Lahala .............................. 1859
? Malayali Memorial (Travancore) ..... 1891
? Ezhava Memorial ............................ 1896
? Mopla Rebellion, Wagon Tragedy .. 1921
? V aikkom Satyagraha ....................... 1924
? Civil Disobedience Movement ........ 1930
? Guruvayoor Satyagraha .................. 1931
? Nivarthana Agitation ...................... 1932
? Temple Entry Proclamation ............. 1936
? State Congress Movement ............. 1938
? Kayyur Rebellion ........................... 1941
? Punnapra Vayalar Rebellion ............ 1946
? Formation of Kerala State ............... 1956
? Liberation Movement ..................... 1959
? ‘‘Kerala Simham’ is a historical novel written by
Sardar K.M. Panicker about Pazahassi Raja. The
Malayalam film ‘Kerala Simham’ was directed by
Navodaya Appachan.
? Parankippadayali is also a novel written by K.M.
Panicker.
REVOL T OF VELU TAMPI AND PALIA TH ACHAN
? VeluThampi was the Dalawa of Travancore
? Velu Thampi was appointed Mulakumadiseela
Karyakar (Commercial minister in 1799 by
Balaramavarma)
? In 1800 he became the Dalawa.
? Velu Tampi introduced travelling courts in
Travancore.
? On 11 January 1809 (1st Makaram 984) issued the
famous Kundara Proclamation indicting the Brit-
ish rule and exhorting the people to rally under
his banner for a patriotic struggle against the for-
eigners.
Sir Arthur Wellesley
29 8
Books written by
Missionaries in Kerala
Kariyattil OusephMaplan ......................................
.....................................V eda Tharkkam (1678)
Clement Pianos ......... Samkshepa V edartham (1772)
Paramekkal Thomakathanar .. Varthamanapustakam
(1785)
Rv. George Mathan ............. Balabhyasanam (1867)
Dr. Gundert .................................. Keralappazhama
Arch Decon Koshi ...................... MalayalaBhasha
Arnosu Pathiri ............... Puthanpana Chaturasyam
? He organised a Hussur Kachery at Kollam.
? Velu Thampi committed suicide in the house of
the Potti of the Bhagavati temple at Mannadi.
? His relatives were deported to Maldives.
? The oldest male member of the Paliyam family was
the hereditary Diwan of Cochin Raja.
? Paliyat Achan revolted against the British in col-
laboration with Velu Thampi. But he was finally
defeated and deported to Madras. Cochin became
a subsidiary state of the British in 1809.
? The Kurchyas and Kurumbas of Wynad rose in
revolt against the British in 1812.
? Kurichya Revolt was the last of the early revolts
broke out in Malabar against the British su-
premacy .
ENLIGHTENED ADMINISTRATION
IN TRAV ANCORE
? After the death of Dharmaraja, Balarama Varma
came to the throne.
? He appointed Veluthampi as his commerce minis-
ter and then the Dalawa.
? Ummini Thampi became the new Dalawa after
V eluthampi.
? The weaver’s township of Balaramapuram was
created by Ummini Thampi.
? Resident col. Monro was appointed as the first
English Diwan in Travancore ( Rani Gauri Lekshmi
Bai  1710).
? The Secretariat System was introduced in
Travancore by Col. Munro.
? Col.Munro changed the Karyakar position to
Tahsildar.
? The direct management of Devaswams by Govt
was introduced by Col. Monro.
? In 1812 Rani Gauri Lakshmi Bai abolished slavery
in Travancore.
? The London Mission Society (LMS) at Nagercoil
established was in 1816 under the patronage of
Gauri Parvati Bai.
? The reign of Swathi
Thirunal (1829-
1847) was a Golden
Age in the history of
Travancore.
? Swathi Thirunal was
known as
‘Garbhasreeman’
? S u c h e e n d r a n
Kaimukku was also
abolished by Swathi
Thirunal.
? He shifted Hussur Kachery from Quilon to
Trivandrum.
? He introduced English Education in Trivandrum.
? An English School was opened at TVM in 1834 in
1836 it became Raja’s Free School.
? Swathithirunal opened the Trivandrum observa-
tory in 1836.
? He introduced the first charity hospital at TVM.
? He set up the Department of Engineering, Irriga-
tion and Maramathu Department for the first time.
? First census of the state was conducted in 1836
by Swathi Thirunal.
? Utram Tirunal Marthanda Varma abolished all re-
strictions in regard to the covering of their upper
parts by a Channar women in South Travancore
in 1859.
Swati Thirunal
29 9
? First Post-Office in Travancore (also of Kerala)
was opened at Alleppey during the reign of Utram
Thirunal Marthanda V arma in 1857.
? First modern factory for the manufacture of coir
was also opened at Alleppey (1859) during the
period of Utram Thirunal Marthanda V arma.
? Beginning of Agrarian Reforms in Travanore was
during the period of Ayilyam Thirunal
? The Pandarapattam Proclamation (1865) and the
Janmi-Kudiyam Proclamation (1867) for agrar-
ian reforms were during the period of Ayilyam
Thirunal.
? Trivandrum Museum building and the main build-
ing of Trivandrum University College were con-
structed during the reign of Ayilyam Thirunal.
? The first systematic census of Travancore was
taken on May 18, 1875 by Ayilyam Thirunal.
? Ayilyam Thirunal was also the first Raja of
Travancore to receive the title ‘Maharaja’ from
the British crown.
? Ayurveda College was started  during the period
of Sri Mulam Thirunal (1885-1924)
? Sri Mulam Tirunal formulated a Legislative Coun-
cil in 1888. This was the first Legislative Council
in an Indian State.
? The Sri Mulam Popular Assembly (Praja Sabha)
was formed in 1904 by Sri Mulam Thirunal.
? Devadasi System in the temples of South
Travancore was abolished during the regency of
Setu Lekshmi Bai.
? Sri Chitra Thirunal Balarama V arma (1931-1949)
was the  last ruling Raja of Travancore.
? The Temple Entry Proclamation (1936) and the
establishment of Travancore University (1937)
were the  significant achievements of Sri Chitra
Thirunal.
? Travancore Rubber Works (Trivandrum) Kundara
Ceramic Factory, Punalur Plywood Factory and
Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore Limited
(Elur) were started during the period of Sri Chitra
Tirunal.
? The execution of the Pallivasal Hydroelectric
Scheme and the introduction of  State Transport
Services were also done by Sri Chitra Thirunal.
? Sir C.P . Ramaswami Ayyar was the Diwan of Sri
Chitra Thirunal.
MALABAR REBELLION
? The Malabar Rebellion was in 1921
? The attempted arrest of Vadakkeveetil
Muhammed, the Secretary of the Khilafat Com-
mittee at Pukottur in Eranadu Taluk, led to a se-
ries of violent clashes between the police and the
Mappilas in the Eranadu and V alluvanadu Taluks.
? Variyankunnathu Kunjahammad Haji, Koya
Tangal and Ali Musaliyar were the famous lead-
ers of the revolt.
? One of the tragic episodes of the rebellion was
the ‘Wagon Tragedy’ in which 61 of 90 Mappilas
carried as prisoners in a closed railway goods
wagon from Tirur, to Coimbatore on November
10, 1921 died of suffocation.
POLITICAL MOVEMENTS IN TRA V ANCORE
AND COCHIN
? The Malayali Memorial was submitted to the  Ma-
haraja on January 1, 1891 against the appoint-
ment of Tamil Brahmins in Government Service.
? The Malayali Memorial was signed by 10,028 per-
sons.
? The brain behind the Malayali Memorial was
Barister G.P .Pillai and K.P . Sankaramenon.
? The Ezhava Memorial was sub-
mitted on 3rd September 1896,
signed by 13,176 members of
the Ezhava community under
the leadership of Dr. Palpu.
? K. Ramakrishna Pillai, the edi-
tor of the ‘‘Swadesha
bhimani’’ owned by Vakkam
Abdul Khadir Maulavi pub-
lished a series of articles
criticising the Diwan P . Rajagopalachari and the
king Sri Mulam Thirunal.
? K. Ramakrishna Pillai was deported from the State
in September 1910, he died at Cannanore in April
1916.
Dr . Palpu
30 0
? Swadeshabhimani K. Ramakrishna Pillai was the
first to write the biography of KarlMarx in
Malayalam.
? Indian National Congress started its activities in
Travancore during the reign of Sri Mulam Thirunal.
? The agitation known as Nivarthana (Abstention)
Movement was started as a protest against the
constitutional reforms of 1932.
? The Travancore State Congress was formed in
September 1938.
? Pattom Thanu Pillai was the first President of
Travancore State Congress.
? The September 1946 there occurred the Punnapra
Vayalar Upheaval against the ‘American Model’
irremovable executive.
? The American Model was proposed by Sir C. P .
Ramaswami Ayyar.
? First popular ministry of Travancore headed by
Pattom A. Thanu Pillai was installed in office on
March 24, 1948.
? The‘‘Electricity Agitation’’ was organised
against the privatisation of electric supply in
Cochin town by Diwan R.K. Shanmukham Chetti
(1936).
? E. Ikkanda Warrier of Congress became the first
Chief Minister of Cochin. During his tenure the
new state of Travancore - Cochin came into exist-
ence on 1 July 1949.
AIKYA KERALA MOVEMENT
? The State Peoples Conference held at Ernakulam
(1928) was the earliest resolution on the subject
of united Kerala.
? The Payyannur Political Conference held in May
1928 under the Presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru
also supported the Aikya Kerala Movement.
? An Aikya Kerala Conference was held at Trichur
in April 1947 under the presidentship of K.
Kelappan.
? The Cochin Maharaja Sri Kerala V arma proposed
the idea of uniting Cochin and Travancore.
? On July 1, 1949 the State of Travancore Cochin
came into existence. The Maharaja of Travancore
became the Rajapramukh of the New State.
First Ministry of Kerala (1957)
1. E.M.S. Namboothiripad .......... Chief Minister
2. C. Achutha Menon ......................... Finance
3. T.V . Thomas ................................. Transport
4. K.C. George ............................. Food, Forest
5. K.P . Gopalan .................................. Industry
6. T.A. Majeed ....................................... P .W .D
7. P .K.Chathan .............. Local Self Government
8 . Joseph Mundassery .....Education, Co-operation
9. K.R. Gauri ........................... Land Tax, Excise
10. V.R. Krishna Ayyar ................ Law, Electricity
11. Dr. A.R. Menon ................................. Health
? The popular ministry of Travancore- Cochin was
headed by T.K. Narayana Pillai, the Chief Minis-
ter of Travancore at the time of integration.
? Panampalli Govinda Menon was the last Chief
Minister of Travancore Cochin State. The fall of
his ministry was followed by the first spell of
President’s Rule  in Kerala.
? The state of Kerala formally came into existence
or November 1, 1956.
? The first general elections to the Kerala state Leg-
islature were held in February and March 1957.
? In the first general elections the Communist Party
of India and a few independent supported by it
secured 65 of the 126seats. The President rule
came to an end on April 15, 1957 and E.M.S.
Namboothiripad came to power.
? The agitation known as ‘‘Vimochana Samaram’’
or ‘Liberation struggle’ began on June 12, 1959
under the leadership of  Mannathu Padmanabhan
to overthrow the Communist Ministry.
? The Ministry collapsed and the Presidents rule
under the Article 356, for the first time began on
31st July 1959.
SREE NARAYANA GURU
? Sree Narayana Guru was born at Chempazhanthy
in Trivandrum district on 20 August 1856
(Vayalvarathu Veedu)