Year 3 Exam > Year 3 Notes > Year 3 Mathematics > How to add and subtract in your head
How to add and subtract in your head | Year 3 Mathematics PDF Download
Rounding numbers
Rounding numbers can simplify addition by adjusting numbers to the nearest multiple of 10 or 100.
Here are some examples:
- When adding 9 to a number:
- Step 1: Add 10 to the number.
- Step 2: Subtract 1 from the result to adjust back.
- Example: 36 + 9 = 36 + 10 - 1 = 45
- When adding 18 to a number:
- Step 1: Add 20 to the number.
- Step 2: Subtract 2 from the result to get the final sum.
- Example: 48 + 18 = 48 + 20 - 2 = 66
- When adding 97 to a number:
- Step 1: Add 100 to the number.
- Step 2: Subtract 3 to adjust and find the sum.
- Example: 439 + 97 = 439 + 100 - 3 = 536
- When adding 0.9 to a number:
- Step 1: Add 1 to the number.
- Step 2: Subtract 0.1 from the result to get the final sum.
- Example: 3.7 + 0.9 = 3.7 + 1 - 0.1 = 4.6
Breaking Down Numbers
Breaking down numbers can be a useful strategy to mentally add or subtract numbers.
For instance, let's consider finding the difference between 38 and 63:
- Start by counting from 38 to 40, keeping the difference of 2 in mind.
- Next, count from 40 to 60, which is a difference of 20.
- Finally, count from 60 to 63, which is a difference of 3.
- Add these differences together: 2 + 20 + 3 = 25.
Question for How to add and subtract in your headTry yourself: What is the result of adding 68 to a number using the rounding method described in the text?View Solution
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