Human Heart, value- Body Fluids and circulation, Biology, Class 11 Video Lecture

hello friends this video on body fluids
and circulation part 14 is brought to
you by example comm no more real from
exam so now let us talk about the main
pumping organ of the human circulatory
system that is heart
so let us now talk about the human heart
which is the main or then behind the
entire process of circulation because it
is the main pump if the heart stops
pumping then that flow of blood will
stop throughout the body so it is a
muscular pumping organ now please
remember that this muscular nature of
heart is extremely important because I
had the heart not being muscular it
would have not been able to act as a
pumping organ because the heart
basically acts as of axis above the wall
and because of its contraction and
expansion and that is possible only
because of its muscular nature that is
because of the presence of the muscles
it is located in the thoracic cavity
between the lungs so if you see if you
actually look at the location of the
heart this is how it is located so you
have both the lungs on two sides if this
is one now this is the left lung and in
between heart has located it is little
tilted towards the left and that is why
you would have observed that the left
lung always leaves a little bit of space
here that is the left lung is always
little bit of curved and that is because
the heart is tilted towards the left the
size of the heart is almost equal to the
size of a human feast so it is not that
big if you see it is a small structure
but it controls the entire circulation
process it weighs around 300 grams which
is again not too heavy it beats around
one lakh times a day so the beating of
the heart when I say the heart and
speaking so this beating of the heart is
nothing but due to the contraction
relaxation of the muscles of the heart
so the muscular nature of art is
extremely important in the functioning
of the heart now the question is why
does the heart beat and when does the
heart beat so this beating of heart will
be understood only when we actually know
how this entire process of circulation
happens then you'll get to know that
when we say that the heart is beating
heart is made up of cardiac muscles now
you remember when we were talking about
the muscular tissue I said that there
are two three types of muscular tissues
violence the voluntary muscles the
second is the involuntary muscles and
the third one there was the cardiac
muscles which has some behavior of the
smooth muscles and some behavior of the
skeletal muscles
so these cardiac muscles are exclusively
present in the heart and one speciality
of the cardiac muscles is that they can
actually get signal on their own they do
not need a signal from the brain always
now we will see what that does that mean
this bit is due to the presence of this
cardiac muscles that the kind of
contraction or the cardiac movements of
the heart as possible so we will see
what what is the speciality of these
muscles so let us quickly look at the
structure of the heart now heart is
protected by a double-layered membrane
which is known as the pericardium so
like two layers one layer and two layers
and in between these two layers of fluid
is present which is known as the
pericardial fluid now why we have this
fluid between two layers now let us
suppose this is one there this is mother
air if you have a fluid in between it
actually helps to give that a cushion
like protection you would have seen that
if you want to have
very delicately there something made of
glass or something you want to carry it
so you always tend to cover it or wrap
it with some soft material like a towel
or some cotton so that it can get a
cushion leg protection and all around
itself so similarly the art also is
protected by this double layered
membrane in between which pericardial
fluid is present so that the fluid can
give a cushion like protection to the
heart it has it is a four chambered
structure that is there are four
chambers two articles and two ventricles
now as I said articles are the receiving
temples ai are ventricles are the
pumping chambers that is v.i.p now if
you talk about their silence Oracle's
are comparatively smaller when compared
to the ventricles if you see this is the
right oracle this is the left oracle
this is the right ventricle and this is
the left ventricle so Oracle's are
smaller than the ventricles now the
Oracles are separated from their
ventricles by a structure called
coronary selcas so this side is the
upper side is the Oracle lower side is
the ventricle so upper and lower sides
are separated by a coronary sulcus which
is a tissue like a struct kind of a
structure which Apollo glue kind of a
structure you can see which divides
articles from ventricles similarly the
two articles are also separated from
each other for example right and left
auricle are separated from each other by
in turn or if you do septum which is
nothing but a thin muscular wall so if
this is the heart let us suppose this is
the heart and it is divided into four
chambers that is right Oracle left
Oracle right ventricle and left
ventricle
so this Oracle's and ventricles are
separated by coronary sulcus which is a
groove like structure right Oracle and
left Oracle are separated by the intra
or inter or intruder set down similarly
the right
ventricle and the left ventricle are
separated by the interventricular septum
so this is interventricular septum so
one important thing to note here is that
the inter alia receptor is like a thin
muscular wall so this is a muscular wall
so that means this can also expand it
contract and it is quite thin whereas if
you talk about the vent interventricular
septum it is quite thick walled now why
is it thick what why is the
interventricular septum thick one but
the auricular septum is thin what that
is because the blood which flows out of
the ventricles they actually flew out at
a very high pressure and in order to
manage the high pressure you need thick
void vessels otherwise what will happen
if blood is flowing at a very high speed
under very high pressure it will
actually leak out through thin walls so
that is why in order to manage with the
high pressure of blood in the ventricles
the inter the ventricle spencer's around
so thick walls and the interventricular
septum is also thick walled when
compared to the in turmoil culet septum
so this is a brief idea about the
structure of the human heart so now we
will talk about the various valves which
are present at the heart now in the
heart these four chambers are there but
how to regulate the flow of blood from
one chamber to another how do we know
when the blood has to be there in the
right angle when it has to flow into the
left ventricle again when it should not
flow back to the right oracle how to
manage or regulate all those stuff so
for that there are several valves which
are present inside the heart between
these chambers and these regulators are
known as bulbs so let us look at the
various types of valves which are
present in the heart so let us now see
what are the different valves present in
the heart now each valve opens one way
and controls the flow of blood
say verbs verbs exactly are we looking
to doors which we have in our house they
regulate the entry and exit of particles
so here the purpose of valve is to
control or regulate the flow of blood so
all the parts which are present inside
the heart they open only one day so they
do not allow backflow so that is how
they have been constructed so let us see
what are the different types of valves
pulmonary valve so where is it present
this is double more than in one just
keep on looking at the figure also so
that you get to know which is pulmonary
one so these are the two window panes or
told means of the pulmonary one so when
they close it will be closed when they
open they will allow them to flow so
this is pulmonary valve and it is
present between the right ventricle and
the pulmonary artery so this ends up
right ventricle and this is the
pulmonary artery so it is present
between them so when it closes blood
cannot flow through this when it opens
then the blood can flow from the right
ventricle to the pulmonary artery now in
order to understand this I feel it will
be better if I draw the same diagram
which with which I was explaining you
how blood double circulation occurs in
case of human being so let us quickly do
that so this is what we have studied so
far right this is our heart and this is
our oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
flows and oxygenated blood is guided by
our TVs except for the pulmonary artery
which carries deoxygenated blood from
heart to lungs
similarly is the case with veins so we
have studied all these things by not now
when I talk about pulmonary valve it is
present between the guided
so this is the height ventricle here and
the pulmonary artery
so this is the pulmonary artery which is
going to carry this deoxygenated blood
to the lungs so in between these two
airs the pulmonary valve present so
pulmonary valve is present between right
ventricle and the pulmonary artery so
this is the right ventricle and this is
the pulmonary artery so when this valve
is open only then blood can flow only
then the deoxygenated blood can flow to
the lungs so when this is bile is closed
it cannot flow to the lungs now why I
drew this figure is because you are till
now we have been explained using this
video so you might get confused with
this diagram so in order to simplify
this I drew this the next one is the
tricuspid valve it is present between
the right oracle and right ventricle so
this tells the tricuspid valve and it is
present between right oracle and right
ventricle so if you see right oracle and
right ventricle so here it is present
somewhere here so this is the location
of them trying cuspid file now if this
bar closes blood cannot flow from right
or equal to right ventricle when it
opens blood can flow from right horrible
to right ventricle so similarly there
has to be a valve between left auricle
and left ventricle because oxygenated
blood flows from left auricle to left
ventricle and for that purpose we have
the bicuspid valve which is also known
as mitral valve
so these are the two parts which are
present between the respective Oracle's
and the ventricles so here you see this
is a pintle valve or the bicuspid file
this one now why this is known as
triangle spread and bicuspid because
tricuspid valve the struck
- it has got three castles on three flat
line structures and that is why in this
country gospel
similarly bicuspid for a brand has got
two cusps
so it has qualified husband and then the
last one that is the out big file it is
present between the left ventricle and
the outer so as the left ventricle this
is the left ventricle and our star that
is what is outer it is a largest artery
so it carries the oxygenated platter so
if you see this is the leg line wrinkle
and this is the oxygenated blood which
is carried by the arteries like many are
to be scariness but outer is the largest
artery which collects it and from there
then it goes through many RT leads to
different parts of the body so here also
if you see this is the this is the outer
and this is the left ventricle and this
pink colored structure or orange color
instructions out of so here you have the
outer pink one so what happens from the
left ventricle the oxygenated blood goes
into the outer from outer it goes
through different arteries to different
parts of the body so here you have them
out take foil so now you understood
where all we needed a valve inside the
heart wherever the blood has to flow
from one chamber to another or from one
chivalry some other artists who are
saying we need a word file to regulate
the flow of blood so for that we needed
a bath between right or the right
ventricle we have tricuspid we needed a
wire through the left on the left when
you go so we have bicuspid we needed a
wire between right ventricle and
pulmonary artery so he has cut normally
one so will any we needed a one between
left ventricle and the arteries or outer
so we have the outer v so these are the
four valves which actually is going to
control the flow or flow of the blur
the heart and they play a very important
role in the process of circulation of
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