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Management Of Natural Resources |
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A source of supply held in reserve, which is useful to man or can be transformed into a more valuable and useful item for mankind.
A Natural resource is a source obtained from nature.Natural Resources
Conservation of Natural Resources
Conservation is the management for the benefit of all life, including humankind of the biosphere, so that it may yield sustainable benefit to the present generation while maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations.The three R's to save natural resources:
(1) Reduce
(2) Reuse
(3) Recycling
Pollution in Ganga
➤ Today Ganga is very Much Polluted due to Following Factors:
(i) Interception and diversion
(ii) Treatment of wastewater
(iii) Riverfront development
(iv) Electric crematorium
(v) Construction of community toilets
(vi) Conversion of dry toilets to flush toilets
➤ AIMS of Conservation
(i) To increase the preservation of a quality environment that have aesthetic and recreational values.
(ii) To ensure a continuous yield of useful plants, animals and materials by establishing a balanced cycle of harvest and renewal.
Forests and wild life:-
Forests are the invaluable wealth of a country and renewable natural resource. Forests constitute 90% of the global biomass.
Forests are uncultivated and inhabited land area managed for diverse purposes of forestry. Whether covered with trees, shrubs, climbers, etc or not.
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Importance of forest
Forests have three broad functions Fig: Forest FunctionsDeforestation:- Destruction of forest is known as deforestation. It has been estimated that forests in India have declined from about 7000, million hectares in 1900 to 2890 million hectares in 1975. It has furthur gone down to 2300 million hectares by 2000. Tropical rain forests are most productive type of forests in the world.
Fig: Deforeststation Major cause of deforestation:-
(i) Growing food needs
(ii) Raw materials for industrial use
(iii) Forest fire
(iv) Damage caused by pests.
Stake holders
Stake holders are persons or the company that has invested in business and owns a part of it or some one who has an intrest in the success of a system or organisation.
The four stake holders of forest are:-
(a) The people who live in or around forest
(b) The forest department
(c) The industrialist
(d) The wild life and nature enthusiastsWild life resources
Life in any form, plant or animal, which exists in its natural habitat is called wild life.Reasons for depletion of wild life :-
(i) Deforestation for various reasons like urbanization, cultivation dam building, road construction, establishment of industries have caused a considerable loss of wild life.
(ii) Indiscriminate hunting by man for meat skin and sport.
(iii) Natural calamities like flood, drought, fire, epidemic have played a major role in depletion of wild life.
(iv) Cutting of plants for obtaining timber and fuel deprived wild animals their most palatable food.Importance of wild life:-
Management and conservation of wild life:-
Preservation, protection and utilization of wild life in such a way that it is not destroyed and can be used later.Conservation measures:-
The Indian Board of wild life (IBWL) in march 1980 launched a national wild life action plan for conservationof wild life in India.Establishment of protected areas:-
The protected areas for wild life conservation are the santuries and national parks.What is conservation?
Conservation may be defined as the controlled utilization of natural resources for the benefit of all life so that it may yield sustainable benefit to the present generations as well as the future generationsIn situ conservation:- When conservation of natural resources is done in their natural habitats, it is called in situ conservation for e.g.: National parks, wild life sanctuaries bio sphere.Ex situ conservation:- When conservation of natural resources is done outside their habitals it is called exsitu conservation for e.g. : Botanical gardens, zoos, seed banks, pollen storage, tissue culture.National Parks and sanctuaries
Fig: Natural Park and Sancturies1. Jim Corbett National Park, Uttaranchal (tiger).
2. Kanha National Park, M.P. (tiger).
3. Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, Rajasthan (winter home of migratory birds, most commonly Siberian crane).
4. Nandankanan Biological Park near Bhubaneswar (captive breeding of white tigers).
5. Simplipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa (tigers)
6. Gir Sanctuary, Gujarat (Asiatic lion, chital, sambhar).
7. Kaziranga Sanctuary, Assam (one horned rhinoceros).
8. Sariska Sanctuary, Haryana (tiger).
9. Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary, Haryana (birds).
10. Bandipur Sanctuary, Karnataka (Indian elephant).
11. Madumalai Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu (Indian elephant).
12. National Botanical Garden, West Bengal (rare species of plants).
13. Desert National Park, Rajasthan (black buck, great Indian bustard, chinkara neelgai).
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