All Courses
Get the App Signup / Login
Sign in Open App
JEE Exam  >  JEE Notes  >  Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced  >  Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid

Important Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid Formulas for JEE and NEET

Download, print and study this document offline
Please wait while the PDF view is loading
 Page 1


  
?  Points to remember in Aldehyde & ketone
Aldol condensation : 
Carbonyl compounds having acidic sp
3
 ?-H shows this reaction in presence
of dil. NaOH or dil. acid.
O C CH 2
|
H
3
? ?
Dil
NaOH
????
H
|
CHO CH C CH
|
OH
2 3
? ? ?
O H
, H
2
?
?
? ? ? ? ?
?
CHCHO CH CH
3
?
Crossed aldol condensation
(i) CH
3
CHO + HCHO ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH . Dil
 HOCH
2
?CH
2
?CHO 
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
O H / H
2
 CH
2
=CH?CHO
(ii) CH
3
COCH
3
 + HCHO ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH . Dil
CH
3
CO?CH
2
CH
2
OH 
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
O H / H
2
CH
3
CO?CH=CH
2
Cannizzaro reaction :
Carbonyl compounds not having sp
3
?-H shows following disproportion reaction
%) 50 (
NaOH H C H 2
||
O
? ? ?   ?? ?
OH CH
3
?
 +  
HCOONa
CHO H C 2
5 6
 +  
%) 50 (
NaOH ?? ? OH CH H C
2 5 6
  +  
benzoate . Sol
COONa H C
5 6
Crossed Cannizzaro reaction :
+ HCHO +
%) 50 (
NaOH ?? ? +
formate . Sod
HCOONa
Formation of hydrzones and azines
C=O + NH NH
2 2
C
NHNH
2
OH
?H O
2
C= NNH
2
CO
C= N?N = C
Perkin reaction :
When benzaldehyde (or any other aromatic aldehyde) is heated with the
Page 2


  
?  Points to remember in Aldehyde & ketone
Aldol condensation : 
Carbonyl compounds having acidic sp
3
 ?-H shows this reaction in presence
of dil. NaOH or dil. acid.
O C CH 2
|
H
3
? ?
Dil
NaOH
????
H
|
CHO CH C CH
|
OH
2 3
? ? ?
O H
, H
2
?
?
? ? ? ? ?
?
CHCHO CH CH
3
?
Crossed aldol condensation
(i) CH
3
CHO + HCHO ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH . Dil
 HOCH
2
?CH
2
?CHO 
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
O H / H
2
 CH
2
=CH?CHO
(ii) CH
3
COCH
3
 + HCHO ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH . Dil
CH
3
CO?CH
2
CH
2
OH 
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
O H / H
2
CH
3
CO?CH=CH
2
Cannizzaro reaction :
Carbonyl compounds not having sp
3
?-H shows following disproportion reaction
%) 50 (
NaOH H C H 2
||
O
? ? ?   ?? ?
OH CH
3
?
 +  
HCOONa
CHO H C 2
5 6
 +  
%) 50 (
NaOH ?? ? OH CH H C
2 5 6
  +  
benzoate . Sol
COONa H C
5 6
Crossed Cannizzaro reaction :
+ HCHO +
%) 50 (
NaOH ?? ? +
formate . Sod
HCOONa
Formation of hydrzones and azines
C=O + NH NH
2 2
C
NHNH
2
OH
?H O
2
C= NNH
2
CO
C= N?N = C
Perkin reaction :
When benzaldehyde (or any other aromatic aldehyde) is heated with the
  
anhydride of an aliphatic acid (containing two ?-hydrogen atoms) in the
presence of its sodium salt, condensation takes place to form a
?-arylacrylic acid ; e.g., with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate, cinnamic
acid is formed.
C
6
H
5
CHO + (CH
3
CO)
2
O 
? ? ? ? ? ?
Na CO CH
2 3 C
6
H
5
CH = CHCO
2
H
Mechanism :
CH
3
COOCOCH
3
 + CH
3
CO
2
?
  H CO CH COOCOCH H C
2 3 3 2
?
?
C H C + CH COOCOCH
6 5 2 3
O
H
  
C H CCH COOCOCH
6 5 2 3
O
H
 
H
+
C H CCH COOCOCH
6 5 2 3
OH
H
 ? ? ? ? ?
O H ?
2
 C
6
H
5
CH=CHCOOCOCH
3
 ? ? ? ?
O H
2
C
6
H
5
CH = CHCO
2
H + CH
3
CO
2
H
Haloform reaction :
Acetaldehyde and methylalkyl ketones react rapidly with halogen (Cl
2
, Br
2
 or
I
2
) in the presence of alkali to give haloform and acid salt.
3
CH C R
||
O
? ?
 
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH / Br
2
  
3
CHBr ONa C R
||
O
? ? ?
  (Bromoform)
In this reaction ? CH
3
 of ? ? C CH
||
O
3
 group is converted into haloform as it
contains acidic hydrogen atom and rest-part of alkyl methyl ketone give acid
salt having carbon atom corresponding to alkyl ketone.
Preparation of haloform from methylketone involves two steps.
(a) Halogenation
3
CH C R
||
O
? ?
  
? ? ? ?
2
Br
  
3
CBr C R
||
O
? ?
  (Halogenation)
Page 3


  
?  Points to remember in Aldehyde & ketone
Aldol condensation : 
Carbonyl compounds having acidic sp
3
 ?-H shows this reaction in presence
of dil. NaOH or dil. acid.
O C CH 2
|
H
3
? ?
Dil
NaOH
????
H
|
CHO CH C CH
|
OH
2 3
? ? ?
O H
, H
2
?
?
? ? ? ? ?
?
CHCHO CH CH
3
?
Crossed aldol condensation
(i) CH
3
CHO + HCHO ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH . Dil
 HOCH
2
?CH
2
?CHO 
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
O H / H
2
 CH
2
=CH?CHO
(ii) CH
3
COCH
3
 + HCHO ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH . Dil
CH
3
CO?CH
2
CH
2
OH 
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
O H / H
2
CH
3
CO?CH=CH
2
Cannizzaro reaction :
Carbonyl compounds not having sp
3
?-H shows following disproportion reaction
%) 50 (
NaOH H C H 2
||
O
? ? ?   ?? ?
OH CH
3
?
 +  
HCOONa
CHO H C 2
5 6
 +  
%) 50 (
NaOH ?? ? OH CH H C
2 5 6
  +  
benzoate . Sol
COONa H C
5 6
Crossed Cannizzaro reaction :
+ HCHO +
%) 50 (
NaOH ?? ? +
formate . Sod
HCOONa
Formation of hydrzones and azines
C=O + NH NH
2 2
C
NHNH
2
OH
?H O
2
C= NNH
2
CO
C= N?N = C
Perkin reaction :
When benzaldehyde (or any other aromatic aldehyde) is heated with the
  
anhydride of an aliphatic acid (containing two ?-hydrogen atoms) in the
presence of its sodium salt, condensation takes place to form a
?-arylacrylic acid ; e.g., with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate, cinnamic
acid is formed.
C
6
H
5
CHO + (CH
3
CO)
2
O 
? ? ? ? ? ?
Na CO CH
2 3 C
6
H
5
CH = CHCO
2
H
Mechanism :
CH
3
COOCOCH
3
 + CH
3
CO
2
?
  H CO CH COOCOCH H C
2 3 3 2
?
?
C H C + CH COOCOCH
6 5 2 3
O
H
  
C H CCH COOCOCH
6 5 2 3
O
H
 
H
+
C H CCH COOCOCH
6 5 2 3
OH
H
 ? ? ? ? ?
O H ?
2
 C
6
H
5
CH=CHCOOCOCH
3
 ? ? ? ?
O H
2
C
6
H
5
CH = CHCO
2
H + CH
3
CO
2
H
Haloform reaction :
Acetaldehyde and methylalkyl ketones react rapidly with halogen (Cl
2
, Br
2
 or
I
2
) in the presence of alkali to give haloform and acid salt.
3
CH C R
||
O
? ?
 
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH / Br
2
  
3
CHBr ONa C R
||
O
? ? ?
  (Bromoform)
In this reaction ? CH
3
 of ? ? C CH
||
O
3
 group is converted into haloform as it
contains acidic hydrogen atom and rest-part of alkyl methyl ketone give acid
salt having carbon atom corresponding to alkyl ketone.
Preparation of haloform from methylketone involves two steps.
(a) Halogenation
3
CH C R
||
O
? ?
  
? ? ? ?
2
Br
  
3
CBr C R
||
O
? ?
  (Halogenation)
  
(b) Alkalihydrolysis
3
CBr C R
||
O
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH
  CHBr
3
 +  
ONa C R
||
O
? ?
 (Alkalihydrolysis)
Note : This reaction is used to distinguish the presence of ? ? C CH
||
O
3
 group.
Other reactions :
(1)
(2)
(3)
Page 4


  
?  Points to remember in Aldehyde & ketone
Aldol condensation : 
Carbonyl compounds having acidic sp
3
 ?-H shows this reaction in presence
of dil. NaOH or dil. acid.
O C CH 2
|
H
3
? ?
Dil
NaOH
????
H
|
CHO CH C CH
|
OH
2 3
? ? ?
O H
, H
2
?
?
? ? ? ? ?
?
CHCHO CH CH
3
?
Crossed aldol condensation
(i) CH
3
CHO + HCHO ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH . Dil
 HOCH
2
?CH
2
?CHO 
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
O H / H
2
 CH
2
=CH?CHO
(ii) CH
3
COCH
3
 + HCHO ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH . Dil
CH
3
CO?CH
2
CH
2
OH 
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
O H / H
2
CH
3
CO?CH=CH
2
Cannizzaro reaction :
Carbonyl compounds not having sp
3
?-H shows following disproportion reaction
%) 50 (
NaOH H C H 2
||
O
? ? ?   ?? ?
OH CH
3
?
 +  
HCOONa
CHO H C 2
5 6
 +  
%) 50 (
NaOH ?? ? OH CH H C
2 5 6
  +  
benzoate . Sol
COONa H C
5 6
Crossed Cannizzaro reaction :
+ HCHO +
%) 50 (
NaOH ?? ? +
formate . Sod
HCOONa
Formation of hydrzones and azines
C=O + NH NH
2 2
C
NHNH
2
OH
?H O
2
C= NNH
2
CO
C= N?N = C
Perkin reaction :
When benzaldehyde (or any other aromatic aldehyde) is heated with the
  
anhydride of an aliphatic acid (containing two ?-hydrogen atoms) in the
presence of its sodium salt, condensation takes place to form a
?-arylacrylic acid ; e.g., with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate, cinnamic
acid is formed.
C
6
H
5
CHO + (CH
3
CO)
2
O 
? ? ? ? ? ?
Na CO CH
2 3 C
6
H
5
CH = CHCO
2
H
Mechanism :
CH
3
COOCOCH
3
 + CH
3
CO
2
?
  H CO CH COOCOCH H C
2 3 3 2
?
?
C H C + CH COOCOCH
6 5 2 3
O
H
  
C H CCH COOCOCH
6 5 2 3
O
H
 
H
+
C H CCH COOCOCH
6 5 2 3
OH
H
 ? ? ? ? ?
O H ?
2
 C
6
H
5
CH=CHCOOCOCH
3
 ? ? ? ?
O H
2
C
6
H
5
CH = CHCO
2
H + CH
3
CO
2
H
Haloform reaction :
Acetaldehyde and methylalkyl ketones react rapidly with halogen (Cl
2
, Br
2
 or
I
2
) in the presence of alkali to give haloform and acid salt.
3
CH C R
||
O
? ?
 
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH / Br
2
  
3
CHBr ONa C R
||
O
? ? ?
  (Bromoform)
In this reaction ? CH
3
 of ? ? C CH
||
O
3
 group is converted into haloform as it
contains acidic hydrogen atom and rest-part of alkyl methyl ketone give acid
salt having carbon atom corresponding to alkyl ketone.
Preparation of haloform from methylketone involves two steps.
(a) Halogenation
3
CH C R
||
O
? ?
  
? ? ? ?
2
Br
  
3
CBr C R
||
O
? ?
  (Halogenation)
  
(b) Alkalihydrolysis
3
CBr C R
||
O
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH
  CHBr
3
 +  
ONa C R
||
O
? ?
 (Alkalihydrolysis)
Note : This reaction is used to distinguish the presence of ? ? C CH
||
O
3
 group.
Other reactions :
(1)
(2)
(3)
  
(4) 
(5)
(6)
Page 5


  
?  Points to remember in Aldehyde & ketone
Aldol condensation : 
Carbonyl compounds having acidic sp
3
 ?-H shows this reaction in presence
of dil. NaOH or dil. acid.
O C CH 2
|
H
3
? ?
Dil
NaOH
????
H
|
CHO CH C CH
|
OH
2 3
? ? ?
O H
, H
2
?
?
? ? ? ? ?
?
CHCHO CH CH
3
?
Crossed aldol condensation
(i) CH
3
CHO + HCHO ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH . Dil
 HOCH
2
?CH
2
?CHO 
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
O H / H
2
 CH
2
=CH?CHO
(ii) CH
3
COCH
3
 + HCHO ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH . Dil
CH
3
CO?CH
2
CH
2
OH 
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
O H / H
2
CH
3
CO?CH=CH
2
Cannizzaro reaction :
Carbonyl compounds not having sp
3
?-H shows following disproportion reaction
%) 50 (
NaOH H C H 2
||
O
? ? ?   ?? ?
OH CH
3
?
 +  
HCOONa
CHO H C 2
5 6
 +  
%) 50 (
NaOH ?? ? OH CH H C
2 5 6
  +  
benzoate . Sol
COONa H C
5 6
Crossed Cannizzaro reaction :
+ HCHO +
%) 50 (
NaOH ?? ? +
formate . Sod
HCOONa
Formation of hydrzones and azines
C=O + NH NH
2 2
C
NHNH
2
OH
?H O
2
C= NNH
2
CO
C= N?N = C
Perkin reaction :
When benzaldehyde (or any other aromatic aldehyde) is heated with the
  
anhydride of an aliphatic acid (containing two ?-hydrogen atoms) in the
presence of its sodium salt, condensation takes place to form a
?-arylacrylic acid ; e.g., with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate, cinnamic
acid is formed.
C
6
H
5
CHO + (CH
3
CO)
2
O 
? ? ? ? ? ?
Na CO CH
2 3 C
6
H
5
CH = CHCO
2
H
Mechanism :
CH
3
COOCOCH
3
 + CH
3
CO
2
?
  H CO CH COOCOCH H C
2 3 3 2
?
?
C H C + CH COOCOCH
6 5 2 3
O
H
  
C H CCH COOCOCH
6 5 2 3
O
H
 
H
+
C H CCH COOCOCH
6 5 2 3
OH
H
 ? ? ? ? ?
O H ?
2
 C
6
H
5
CH=CHCOOCOCH
3
 ? ? ? ?
O H
2
C
6
H
5
CH = CHCO
2
H + CH
3
CO
2
H
Haloform reaction :
Acetaldehyde and methylalkyl ketones react rapidly with halogen (Cl
2
, Br
2
 or
I
2
) in the presence of alkali to give haloform and acid salt.
3
CH C R
||
O
? ?
 
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH / Br
2
  
3
CHBr ONa C R
||
O
? ? ?
  (Bromoform)
In this reaction ? CH
3
 of ? ? C CH
||
O
3
 group is converted into haloform as it
contains acidic hydrogen atom and rest-part of alkyl methyl ketone give acid
salt having carbon atom corresponding to alkyl ketone.
Preparation of haloform from methylketone involves two steps.
(a) Halogenation
3
CH C R
||
O
? ?
  
? ? ? ?
2
Br
  
3
CBr C R
||
O
? ?
  (Halogenation)
  
(b) Alkalihydrolysis
3
CBr C R
||
O
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NaOH
  CHBr
3
 +  
ONa C R
||
O
? ?
 (Alkalihydrolysis)
Note : This reaction is used to distinguish the presence of ? ? C CH
||
O
3
 group.
Other reactions :
(1)
(2)
(3)
  
(4) 
(5)
(6)
  
?  Points to remember in Carboxylic acid & Derivative
Summary of reactions of carboxylic acids :
Read More
352 videos|596 docs|309 tests
Join Course for Free

Top Courses for JEE

FAQs on Important Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid Formulas for JEE and NEET

1. What is the general formula of an aldehyde?
Ans. The general formula of an aldehyde is R-CHO, where R represents an alkyl or aryl group.
2. How can aldehydes be oxidized to form carboxylic acids?
Ans. Aldehydes can be oxidized to form carboxylic acids by using oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or chromic acid (H2CrO4).
3. What is the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone?
Ans. The main difference between an aldehyde and a ketone is the presence of a carbonyl group (-C=O) attached to a hydrogen atom in an aldehyde, whereas in a ketone, the carbonyl group is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.
4. How can ketones be prepared from aldehydes?
Ans. Ketones can be prepared from aldehydes by using a dehydrating agent such as acid anhydrides or phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5). This reaction is called the Aldol condensation.
5. What is the functional group present in carboxylic acids?
Ans. The functional group present in carboxylic acids is the carboxyl group (-COOH), consisting of a carbonyl group (-C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the same carbon atom.
Related Exams
JEE
About this Document
4.65/5 Rating
Dec 22, 2024 Last updated
Document Description: Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid for JEE 2024 is part of Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced preparation. The notes and questions for Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid have been prepared according to the JEE exam syllabus. Information about Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid covers topics like and Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid Example, for JEE 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid.
Introduction of Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid in English is available as part of our Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced for JEE & Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid in Hindi for Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced course. Download more important topics related with notes, lectures and mock test series for JEE Exam by signing up for free. JEE: Important Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid Formulas for JEE and NEET
Description
Full syllabus notes, lecture & questions for Important Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid Formulas for JEE and NEET - JEE | Plus excerises question with solution to help you revise complete syllabus for Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced | Best notes, free PDF download
Information about Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid
In this doc you can find the meaning of Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides explaining types of Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid tests, examples and also practice JEE tests
352 videos|596 docs|309 tests
Join Course for Free
Download as PDF
Explore Courses for JEE exam

Top Courses for JEE

Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
10M+ students study on EduRev
Related Searches

ppt

,

Important Aldehyde

,

practice quizzes

,

Sample Paper

,

Ketones & Carboxylic Acid Formulas for JEE and NEET

,

Viva Questions

,

Ketones & Carboxylic Acid Formulas for JEE and NEET

,

MCQs

,

Important Aldehyde

,

video lectures

,

Extra Questions

,

Important Aldehyde

,

shortcuts and tricks

,

mock tests for examination

,

Ketones & Carboxylic Acid Formulas for JEE and NEET

,

Objective type Questions

,

pdf

,

Summary

,

Semester Notes

,

past year papers

,

Important questions

,

Previous Year Questions with Solutions

,

Exam

,

study material

,

Free

;
Additional Information about Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid for JEE Preparation

Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid Free PDF Download

The Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid is an invaluable resource that delves deep into the core of the JEE exam. These study notes are curated by experts and cover all the essential topics and concepts, making your preparation more efficient and effective. With the help of these notes, you can grasp complex subjects quickly, revise important points easily, and reinforce your understanding of key concepts. The study notes are presented in a concise and easy-to-understand manner, allowing you to optimize your learning process. Whether you're looking for best-recommended books, sample papers, study material, or toppers' notes, this PDF has got you covered. Download the Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid now and kickstart your journey towards success in the JEE exam.

Importance of Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid

The importance of Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid cannot be overstated, especially for JEE aspirants. This document holds the key to success in the JEE exam. It offers a detailed understanding of the concept, providing invaluable insights into the topic. By knowing the concepts well in advance, students can plan their preparation effectively. Utilize this indispensable guide for a well-rounded preparation and achieve your desired results.

Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid Notes

Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid Notes offer in-depth insights into the specific topic to help you master it with ease. This comprehensive document covers all aspects related to Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid. It includes detailed information about the exam syllabus, recommended books, and study materials for a well-rounded preparation. Practice papers and question papers enable you to assess your progress effectively. Additionally, the paper analysis provides valuable tips for tackling the exam strategically. Access to Toppers' notes gives you an edge in understanding complex concepts. Whether you're a beginner or aiming for advanced proficiency, Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid Notes on EduRev are your ultimate resource for success.

Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid JEE Questions

The "Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid JEE Questions" guide is a valuable resource for all aspiring students preparing for the JEE exam. It focuses on providing a wide range of practice questions to help students gauge their understanding of the exam topics. These questions cover the entire syllabus, ensuring comprehensive preparation. The guide includes previous years' question papers for students to familiarize themselves with the exam's format and difficulty level. Additionally, it offers subject-specific question banks, allowing students to focus on weak areas and improve their performance.

Study Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid on the App

Students of JEE can study Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid alongwith tests & analysis from the EduRev app, which will help them while preparing for their exam. Apart from the Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid, students can also utilize the EduRev App for other study materials such as previous year question papers, syllabus, important questions, etc. The EduRev App will make your learning easier as you can access it from anywhere you want. The content of Important Formulas: Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid is prepared as per the latest JEE syllabus.
© EduRev
Education Revolution
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days!
Access 1000+ FREE Docs, Videos and Tests
Takes less than 10 seconds to signup