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Page 1 37 XI – Economics AK UNIT 3 CHAPTER 6 MEASURES OF DISPERSION Points to rememeber * Dispersion is a measure of the variation of the items from central value. * The measures of dispersion are important to compare uniformity, consistency and reliability amongst variables/ series * Absolute measures of dispersion are expressed in terms of original unit of series. * Relative measures are expressed in ratios or percentage, also known as coefficients of dispersion. MEASURES OF DISPERSION (i) (ii) (iii) Range Inter quartile range Quartile deviation or Semi Inter quartile range (iv) (v) (vi) Mean deviation Standard Deviation Lorenz curve * Range : Range is defined as the difference between two extreme observations i.e. the largest and the smallest value. Symbolically R= LS Where R = Range L = Largest Value S = Smallest value * Coefficient of range = L S L + S Page 2 37 XI – Economics AK UNIT 3 CHAPTER 6 MEASURES OF DISPERSION Points to rememeber * Dispersion is a measure of the variation of the items from central value. * The measures of dispersion are important to compare uniformity, consistency and reliability amongst variables/ series * Absolute measures of dispersion are expressed in terms of original unit of series. * Relative measures are expressed in ratios or percentage, also known as coefficients of dispersion. MEASURES OF DISPERSION (i) (ii) (iii) Range Inter quartile range Quartile deviation or Semi Inter quartile range (iv) (v) (vi) Mean deviation Standard Deviation Lorenz curve * Range : Range is defined as the difference between two extreme observations i.e. the largest and the smallest value. Symbolically R= LS Where R = Range L = Largest Value S = Smallest value * Coefficient of range = L S L + S 38 XI – Economics AK * Inter Quartile Range : Inter quartile range is the difference between upper quartile and lower quartile. Interquartile range = Q3 Q1 Where Q3 = Third quartile or upper quartile. Q1 = First quartile or lower quartile * Quartile Deviation : Quartile deviation is known as half of difference of third quartile (Q3) and first quartile (Q1). It is also known as semi inter quartile range. Q. D = Q3 Q1 2 Where Q.D = Quartile deviation Q3 = Third quartile or upper quartile. Q1 = First quartile of lower quartile. Coefficient of quartile deviation Coefficient of Q.D = Q3 Q1 Q3 + Q1 Mean Deviation Mean deviation / average diviation is the arithmetic mean of the deviations of various items from their average (mean, median or mode) generally from the median. Calculation of mean deviation Individual Series Discrete Series Continuous Series Where, MD = Mean deviation |D| = Deviations from mean or median ignoring ± Signs N = Number of item (Individual Series) N = Total number of Frequencies (Discrete and continuous series) F = Number of frequencies. Page 3 37 XI – Economics AK UNIT 3 CHAPTER 6 MEASURES OF DISPERSION Points to rememeber * Dispersion is a measure of the variation of the items from central value. * The measures of dispersion are important to compare uniformity, consistency and reliability amongst variables/ series * Absolute measures of dispersion are expressed in terms of original unit of series. * Relative measures are expressed in ratios or percentage, also known as coefficients of dispersion. MEASURES OF DISPERSION (i) (ii) (iii) Range Inter quartile range Quartile deviation or Semi Inter quartile range (iv) (v) (vi) Mean deviation Standard Deviation Lorenz curve * Range : Range is defined as the difference between two extreme observations i.e. the largest and the smallest value. Symbolically R= LS Where R = Range L = Largest Value S = Smallest value * Coefficient of range = L S L + S 38 XI – Economics AK * Inter Quartile Range : Inter quartile range is the difference between upper quartile and lower quartile. Interquartile range = Q3 Q1 Where Q3 = Third quartile or upper quartile. Q1 = First quartile or lower quartile * Quartile Deviation : Quartile deviation is known as half of difference of third quartile (Q3) and first quartile (Q1). It is also known as semi inter quartile range. Q. D = Q3 Q1 2 Where Q.D = Quartile deviation Q3 = Third quartile or upper quartile. Q1 = First quartile of lower quartile. Coefficient of quartile deviation Coefficient of Q.D = Q3 Q1 Q3 + Q1 Mean Deviation Mean deviation / average diviation is the arithmetic mean of the deviations of various items from their average (mean, median or mode) generally from the median. Calculation of mean deviation Individual Series Discrete Series Continuous Series Where, MD = Mean deviation |D| = Deviations from mean or median ignoring ± Signs N = Number of item (Individual Series) N = Total number of Frequencies (Discrete and continuous series) F = Number of frequencies. 39 XI – Economics AK Coefficient of mean deviation Standard Deviation : Standard diviation is the best and widely used measure of dispersion. Standard deviation is the square root of the arithmatic mean of the squares of deviation of its items from their arithmetic mean. Calculation of standard deviation in individual series. Actual mean method. Where = Standard Deviation X 2 = Square of deviation taken from mean N = Number of items Shortcut method or assumed mean method Where dx 2 = Square of deviation taken from assumed mean. Calculation of standard deviation in discrete series: Actual mean method or direct method Where = S. D. fx 2 = Sum total of the squared deviations Multiplied by frequency N = Number of pair of observation. Page 4 37 XI – Economics AK UNIT 3 CHAPTER 6 MEASURES OF DISPERSION Points to rememeber * Dispersion is a measure of the variation of the items from central value. * The measures of dispersion are important to compare uniformity, consistency and reliability amongst variables/ series * Absolute measures of dispersion are expressed in terms of original unit of series. * Relative measures are expressed in ratios or percentage, also known as coefficients of dispersion. MEASURES OF DISPERSION (i) (ii) (iii) Range Inter quartile range Quartile deviation or Semi Inter quartile range (iv) (v) (vi) Mean deviation Standard Deviation Lorenz curve * Range : Range is defined as the difference between two extreme observations i.e. the largest and the smallest value. Symbolically R= LS Where R = Range L = Largest Value S = Smallest value * Coefficient of range = L S L + S 38 XI – Economics AK * Inter Quartile Range : Inter quartile range is the difference between upper quartile and lower quartile. Interquartile range = Q3 Q1 Where Q3 = Third quartile or upper quartile. Q1 = First quartile or lower quartile * Quartile Deviation : Quartile deviation is known as half of difference of third quartile (Q3) and first quartile (Q1). It is also known as semi inter quartile range. Q. D = Q3 Q1 2 Where Q.D = Quartile deviation Q3 = Third quartile or upper quartile. Q1 = First quartile of lower quartile. Coefficient of quartile deviation Coefficient of Q.D = Q3 Q1 Q3 + Q1 Mean Deviation Mean deviation / average diviation is the arithmetic mean of the deviations of various items from their average (mean, median or mode) generally from the median. Calculation of mean deviation Individual Series Discrete Series Continuous Series Where, MD = Mean deviation |D| = Deviations from mean or median ignoring ± Signs N = Number of item (Individual Series) N = Total number of Frequencies (Discrete and continuous series) F = Number of frequencies. 39 XI – Economics AK Coefficient of mean deviation Standard Deviation : Standard diviation is the best and widely used measure of dispersion. Standard deviation is the square root of the arithmatic mean of the squares of deviation of its items from their arithmetic mean. Calculation of standard deviation in individual series. Actual mean method. Where = Standard Deviation X 2 = Square of deviation taken from mean N = Number of items Shortcut method or assumed mean method Where dx 2 = Square of deviation taken from assumed mean. Calculation of standard deviation in discrete series: Actual mean method or direct method Where = S. D. fx 2 = Sum total of the squared deviations Multiplied by frequency N = Number of pair of observation. 40 XI – Economics AK Short cut method or assumed mean method Where = S. D. fd 2 = Sum total of the squared deviations Multiplied by frequency fd = Sum total of deviations multiplied by frequency. N = Number of pair of observations. Step deviation method = Standard Deviation fd12 = Sum total of the squared step deviations multiplied by frequency. fd 1 = Sum total of step deviations multiplied by frequency C = Common factor N = Number of pair of observation Calculation of standard deviation in continuous series. Actual mean method = S.D. fx 2 = Sum total of the squared deviation multiplied by frequency. N = Number of pair of observations. Shortcut method or assumed mean method Page 5 37 XI – Economics AK UNIT 3 CHAPTER 6 MEASURES OF DISPERSION Points to rememeber * Dispersion is a measure of the variation of the items from central value. * The measures of dispersion are important to compare uniformity, consistency and reliability amongst variables/ series * Absolute measures of dispersion are expressed in terms of original unit of series. * Relative measures are expressed in ratios or percentage, also known as coefficients of dispersion. MEASURES OF DISPERSION (i) (ii) (iii) Range Inter quartile range Quartile deviation or Semi Inter quartile range (iv) (v) (vi) Mean deviation Standard Deviation Lorenz curve * Range : Range is defined as the difference between two extreme observations i.e. the largest and the smallest value. Symbolically R= LS Where R = Range L = Largest Value S = Smallest value * Coefficient of range = L S L + S 38 XI – Economics AK * Inter Quartile Range : Inter quartile range is the difference between upper quartile and lower quartile. Interquartile range = Q3 Q1 Where Q3 = Third quartile or upper quartile. Q1 = First quartile or lower quartile * Quartile Deviation : Quartile deviation is known as half of difference of third quartile (Q3) and first quartile (Q1). It is also known as semi inter quartile range. Q. D = Q3 Q1 2 Where Q.D = Quartile deviation Q3 = Third quartile or upper quartile. Q1 = First quartile of lower quartile. Coefficient of quartile deviation Coefficient of Q.D = Q3 Q1 Q3 + Q1 Mean Deviation Mean deviation / average diviation is the arithmetic mean of the deviations of various items from their average (mean, median or mode) generally from the median. Calculation of mean deviation Individual Series Discrete Series Continuous Series Where, MD = Mean deviation |D| = Deviations from mean or median ignoring ± Signs N = Number of item (Individual Series) N = Total number of Frequencies (Discrete and continuous series) F = Number of frequencies. 39 XI – Economics AK Coefficient of mean deviation Standard Deviation : Standard diviation is the best and widely used measure of dispersion. Standard deviation is the square root of the arithmatic mean of the squares of deviation of its items from their arithmetic mean. Calculation of standard deviation in individual series. Actual mean method. Where = Standard Deviation X 2 = Square of deviation taken from mean N = Number of items Shortcut method or assumed mean method Where dx 2 = Square of deviation taken from assumed mean. Calculation of standard deviation in discrete series: Actual mean method or direct method Where = S. D. fx 2 = Sum total of the squared deviations Multiplied by frequency N = Number of pair of observation. 40 XI – Economics AK Short cut method or assumed mean method Where = S. D. fd 2 = Sum total of the squared deviations Multiplied by frequency fd = Sum total of deviations multiplied by frequency. N = Number of pair of observations. Step deviation method = Standard Deviation fd12 = Sum total of the squared step deviations multiplied by frequency. fd 1 = Sum total of step deviations multiplied by frequency C = Common factor N = Number of pair of observation Calculation of standard deviation in continuous series. Actual mean method = S.D. fx 2 = Sum total of the squared deviation multiplied by frequency. N = Number of pair of observations. Shortcut method or assumed mean method 41 XI – Economics AK Step deviation method. Coefficient of variation When two or more groups of similar data are to be compared with respect to stability (or uniformily or consistency or homogeneity), Coefficient of variation is the most appropriate measures. Where C. V = Coefficient of variation = Standard deviation = Arithmetic mean LORENZ CURVE : * The Lorenz curve devised by Dr. Max O. Lorenz, is a graphic method of studying dispersion. * The Lorenz curve always lies below the line of equal distribution, unless the distribution is uniform. * The Area between the line of equal distribution and the plotted curve gives the extent of inequality in the items. The larger the area, more is the inequality.Read More
1. What is meant by measures of dispersion? |
2. What are the different types of measures of dispersion? |
3. How is variance calculated? |
4. What is the difference between range and interquartile range? |
5. Why are measures of dispersion important? |
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