Class 8 Exam > Class 8 Notes > Important Questions : Poverty as a Challenge, Class 8
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Question .1. Define poverty?
Answer : It is defined as inability to satisfy minimum human needs like food, clothing, shelter and education.
Question .2. Give examples of self employment in rural area?
Answer : Non-farm activities as tailoring, shop keeping, profession of gold smith, carpenter, washing and computer services are examples of self employment.
Question .3. Give examples of self employment in urban area?
Answer : Shop keeping, working as middle man, fashion designing, repairing work, and other activities for which payment is not received from employer and livelihood is earned.
Question .4. State the different categories of poor?
Answer : (i) Absolutely poor
(ii) Very poor
(iii) Poor
Question .5. State the different categories of non-poor?
Answer : (i) Not so poor
(ii) Middle class
(iii) Upper middle class
(iv) The rich
(v) The very rich
Question .6. State two important types of poverty?
Answer : (i) Absolute poverty
(ii) Relative poverty
Question .7. Enumerate five characteristics of rural poor?
Answer : (i) Landless
(ii) Agricultural worker
(iii) Kutcha house
(iv) Poor health
(v) No sanitation and electricity
(vi) No access to safe drinking water
Question .8. State five features of urban poor?
Answer : (i) Hutment dwellers
(ii) Illiteracy
(iii) Irregular employment
(iv) Poor health
(v) No sanitation and electricity
(vi) No access to safe drinking water
Question .9. State the consumption limit for rural and urban poor?
Answer : For rural poor – 2400 calories.For urban poor – 2100 calories.
Question .10. State the type of poverty that is measured on the basis of standard of living?
Answer : Relative poverty.
Question .11. What is poverty line?
Answer : The line which divides poor and non-poor on the basis of per capita income and expenditure is called poverty line.
Question .12. Is unemployment responsible for poverty?
Answer : Yes.
Question .13. Why does inflation hit poor hard?
Answer : Due to inflation price of a commodity is increase and this affect the purchasing power of the poor.
Question .14. Which social group is the most vulnerable to poverty?
Answer : Scheduled Tribes.
Question .15. In which state the percentage of poor below poverty line is the highest?
Answer : Orissa with 47.15%.
Question .16. In which state the percentage of poor below poverty line is the least?
Answer : Jammu and Kashmir with 3.48%.
Question . 17. State the country that has the highest percentage of population below poverty line?
Answer : Nigeria with 70.8%.
Question .18. Who is a poor?
Answer : Any person who is deprived of food, clothes, shelter, education, health care and economic activity is a poor.
Question .19. State five states having the highest percentage of people below poverty line?
Answer : (i) Orissa
(ii) Bihar
(iii) Madhya Pradesh
(iv) Uttar Pradesh
(v) West Bengal
Question .20. State five states having the lowest percentage of people below poverty line?
Answer : (i) Jammu and Kashmir
(ii) Goa
(iii) Punjab
(iv) Himachal Pradesh
(v) Haryana
Question .21. State five countries having the highest percentage of people below poverty line?
Answer : (i) Nigeria
(ii) Bangladesh
(iii) India
(iv) Pakistan
(v) China
Question .22. Who are the poorest of the poor?
Answer : (i) Scheduled tribes
(ii) Urban casual labourers
(iii) Agricultural rural labourers
(iv) victims of natural calamities
Question .23. Is there any relationship between poverty and unemployment?
Answer : Yes, poverty and unemployment are inter-related.
Question .24. How will you differentiate between poor and non-poor on the basis of poverty line?
Answer : Those placed below the poverty line are poor and those placed above the poverty line are non-poor.
Question .25. Name the groups vulnerable to poverty in order of their percentage of vulnerability. Also mention Average Indian Poverty ratio?
Or,
Identify the social and economic group, which are the most vulnerable to poverty of India?
Answer :
(i) Scheduled Tribes = 51%
(ii) Urban Casual Labourers = 50%
(iii) Rural Agricultural Labourers = 47%
(iv) Scheduled Castes = 43%.
Average Indian Poverty Ratio = 20%.
Social groups which include widows, orphans, old people, physically handicapped are also vulnerable to poverty.
Question .26. State the Minimum Need Programme [MND]?
Answer : The programme to provide the articles of basic necessities at a cheapest possible rates and certain social services free of cost to the masses.
Question .27. Mention the programme introduced by the Government to alleviate poverty?
Answer : (i) National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), 2005.
(ii) National Food for Work Programme (NFWP), 2004.
(iii) Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY),1993.
(iv) Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP),1995.
(v) Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojagar Yojana (SGSY), 1999.
(vi) Pradhan Mantri Gramodyog Yojana (PMGY), 2000.
(vii) Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY).
FAQs on Important Questions : Poverty as a Challenge, Class 8
| 1. What is poverty and how is it measured? |  |
Ans. Poverty is a state of deprivation or lack of basic human needs such as food, shelter, clothing, education, and healthcare. It is measured using various parameters such as income, consumption, and Human Development Index (HDI).
| 2. What are the causes of poverty? | |
Ans. Poverty is caused by a combination of factors such as lack of education, unemployment, low wages, high inflation, lack of access to basic services, discrimination, and social exclusion.
| 3. How does poverty affect the overall development of a country? | |
Ans. Poverty hinders the overall development of a country in various ways. It results in low productivity, low human capital formation, poor health, low life expectancy, and high mortality rates. Poverty also leads to social unrest and political instability.
| 4. What are the measures taken by the government to alleviate poverty? | |
Ans. The government takes various measures to alleviate poverty such as providing employment opportunities, improving access to basic services like healthcare and education, implementing social welfare programs, providing subsidies, and promoting economic growth and development.
| 5. How can individuals contribute to reducing poverty? | |
Ans. Individuals can contribute to reducing poverty by donating to charities and non-profit organizations, volunteering their time and skills, supporting fair trade, buying from local businesses, and advocating for policies that address poverty and inequality.
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