Important Questions: Food, Nutrition, Health & Diseases | Science Class 5 PDF Download

Q1: Name the five main Components of Food.
Ans: The five main components of food are:

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Fats
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals

Components of food

Q2: What is Roughage? How does it help us?
Ans: Roughage is the undigested part of plant food. It helps in moving food easily through our digestive system and helps in the proper removal of wastes from our bodies.

Q3: List any four things that are essential for remaining healthy.
Ans: The four things that are essential for remaining healthy are:

1. Proper food
2. Rest
3. Exercise
4. Proper Sanitation

Q4: What do you understand by a Balanced Diet?
Ans: A diet that contains adequate amounts of different components of food (i.e. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals) required for the healthy functioning of our body is called a balanced diet.

Balanced Diet

Q5: Why do we need food?
Ans: We need food for the following reasons:

• Food is extremely important for keeping the immune system of the body healthy.
• Food gives us energy
• Foods help us to grow
• It repairs the damaged cells of the body

Q6: Why do we need proper Rest and Exercise?
Ans: 

• We need proper rest because lack of rest will lead to improper functioning of our body organs. 
• Exercise helps us to stay fit and healthy. It improves our blood circulation and makes us happy and active.

Q7: Differentiate between Non-Communicable and Communicable Diseases.
Ans: The difference is as follows:
Differences between Communicable and Non-communicable Diseases

Q8: Is it possible to prevent Diseases? Mention any two ways.

Ans: Yes, it is possible to prevent disease.
The two ways are:

• Eating a healthy diet
• Maintaining good hygiene

Q9: What are Deficiency Diseases? Discuss any 6 Deficiency Diseases, their cause, and the food that can be eaten to overcome them.
Ans: Deficiency diseases are those diseases that happen because of deficiency of any one component of food in the diet. These are also called Non-Communicable Diseases.

Deficiency Diseases and their cause 

Q10: Describe any two Communicable Diseases.
Ans: Two communicable diseases are: Measles and Malaria

1. Measles
(a) Reason:

• These diseases can spread through germs. When the infected person coughs or sneezes, the germs can enter the air and make others sick.
• This disease can also spread by sharing personal items like handkerchiefs, towels, clothes, etc with the infected person.

Measles

(b) Symptoms:
High fever and red spots on the body.

(c) Prevention and cure:

• Avoid direct contact with the infected person.
• We should not share the personal items of the infected person.
• The diseases can be cured by medicines and taking proper care of the infected person.

2. Malaria

(a) Reason: 
This disease can spread through a mosquito bite.

(b) Symptoms:
High fever, constant shivering, and vomiting.

(c) Prevention and cure:

• We should not allow water to stagnate anywhere in our house e.g. – water in the water coolers, as stagnating water will allow mosquito breeding.
• This can be cured by medicines.

Q11: Explain any two Non-Communicable Diseases in relation to their symptoms and preventive measures.

Ans. Non-communicable diseases are beriberi and scurvy.

1. Scurvy
(a)Reason:
Scurvy is a disease caused by a significant lack of vitamin C in your diet.
(b) Symptoms:
scurvy can lead to bleeding gums, loosened teeth and bleeding under your skin.

 Sick Teeth (c) Preventions:
we can prevent scurvy by getting the recommended daily allowance of vitamin C in our diet such as Tomatoes, Potatoes, Broccoli, etc.

2. Beriberi
(a) Reason:
Lack of vitamin B1, in the diet will lead to beriberi,  

(b) Symptoms:
Difficulty in walking and Loss of feeling (sensation) in hands and feet.

Pain in hand(c) Preventions:
Eating a proper diet that is rich in vitamin B1  will prevent beriberi such as nuts and peas. 

Q12: Define Hygiene. Mention any five ways to maintain Proper Hygiene.
Ans: Hygiene means taking care of our bodies and keeping ourselves clean and healthy. It involves doing certain things every day to stay fresh and prevent illnesses. 

Personal Hygiene HabitsThe Five ways are:

• We should take a bath daily
• We Should at least brush our teeth twice a day
• We should trim our nails regularly
• We should keep our surroundings clean
• We should wear clean clothes

Q13: Define Vaccination.
Ans: 

• Vaccination is a way to protect our bodies from getting sick. It involves giving a small and safe amount of a germ or virus, called a vaccine, to our bodies.
  Vaccination 
• The vaccine helps our immune system recognize and remember that germ or virus so that if we ever come into contact with it again, our body knows how to fight it off and keep us healthy. It's like giving our immune system a practice session, so it becomes stronger and can defend us better against harmful diseases. 
• Vaccinations are given as shots or sometimes as drops in the mouth, and they can help prevent many different diseases, like measles, polio, and chickenpox.

Q14: Define Antibiotic.
Ans: 

• Antibiotics are medicines that help our bodies fight against harmful bacteria.
  Medicines 
• Bacteria are tiny organisms that can cause infections in our bodies, making us feel sick.
• When we get sick with a bacterial infection, like a throat infection or a skin infection, antibiotics can help us get better.
• They work by either killing the bacteria or stopping them from growing and multiplying.
• It's also crucial to take antibiotics exactly as prescribed by a doctor.  

Q15: What causes diseases like Typhoid and Cholera?
Ans: 

• These diseases are caused by consuming contaminated food or water.
• For example, typhoid is usually spread through contaminated food or water. If we eat or drink something that has typhoid bacteria in it, the bacteria can go into our stomach and intestines and make us sick.
• Cholera, on the other hand, is often spread through contaminated water. If we drink water that has cholera bacteria in it, the bacteria can go into our stomach and cause disease.

Q16: Define Allergy.
Ans: Sneezing

• An allergy occurs when a person reacts to substances in the environment that are harmless to most people. These substances are known as Allergens.
• Allergens are found in dust, pets, insects, and food.