Judiciary Exams Exam > Judiciary Exams Notes > Important Acts and Laws for Judiciary Exams > Important Rights under Article 21 (with Case Laws)
Important Rights under Article 21 (with Case Laws) | Important Acts and Laws for Judiciary Exams PDF Download
Top 10 Fundamental Rights Guaranteed under Article 21 with Key Legal Precedents
Right to a Dignified Life
- Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (AIR 1978 SC 597)
- Francis Coralie v. Union Territory of Delhi (AIR 1981 SC 746)
- Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India (AIR 1984 SC 802)
Right to Livelihood
- Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation (AIR 1986 SC 180)
- Sodan Singh v. New Delhi Municipal Corporation (1989 4 SCC 155)
Right to Education
- Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka (AIR 1992 SC 1858)
- Unnikrishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1993 SCC (1) 645)
Rights of Prisoners and Protection against Illegal Detention
- Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration (1980 SCC (3) 488)
- D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997 1 SCC 416)
Right to Legal Aid and Speedy Trial
- Hussainara Khatoon v State of Bihar (AIR 1979 SC 1369)
- Khatri v. State of Bihar (1981 SCC (1) 627)
Right against Sexual Harassment in the Workplace
- Vishakha v State of Rajasthan (1997 (6) SCC 241)
Right to a Clean Environment
- Vellore Citizens’ Welfare Forum v. Union of India (1996 (5) SCC 647)
Right to Privacy
- Justice K.S. Puttuswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India ((2017) 10 SCC 1)
Legal Concepts Overview
Right to Die with Dignity
This concept involves the idea that individuals have the right to choose a dignified end to their lives under certain circumstances. It has been addressed in legal cases such as:
- Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union of India, 2011 (4) SCC 454
- Common Cause v. Union of India, (2018) 9 SCC 382
Right to Choose Life Partner
This right emphasizes an individual's freedom to select their life partner without external interference. A significant case related to this concept is:
- Shakti Vahini v. Union of India, 2018 (7) SCC 192
Question for Important Rights under Article 21 (with Case Laws)Try yourself: Which legal case established the right to a dignified life under Article 21?View Solution
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FAQs on Important Rights under Article 21 (with Case Laws) - Important Acts and Laws for Judiciary Exams
| 1. What are the key fundamental rights guaranteed under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution? |  |
Ans. The key fundamental rights guaranteed under Article 21 include the right to life and personal liberty, the right to live with dignity, the right to privacy, and the right to clean and healthy environment.
| 2. What is the significance of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21? | |
Ans. The right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 is considered to be the most important fundamental right as it ensures that individuals have the right to live with dignity and freedom from any form of arbitrary or unlawful interference with their lives.
| 3. Can the right to privacy be considered as a part of Article 21? | |
Ans. Yes, the right to privacy has been recognized as a fundamental right under Article 21 by the Supreme Court of India in the landmark judgment of Justice K. S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India.
| 4. How has the right to clean and healthy environment been interpreted under Article 21? | |
Ans. The right to clean and healthy environment under Article 21 encompasses the right to live in an environment that is free from pollution and ecological degradation. The Supreme Court has held that this right is essential for the enjoyment of the right to life.
| 5. Can the right to life under Article 21 be suspended during emergencies or in times of war? | |
Ans. The right to life under Article 21 cannot be suspended even during emergencies or in times of war as it is considered to be a non-derogable right that must be protected at all times.
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