In Earliest Cities (Lecture - 1) - SST, Class 6 Video Lecture - Class 6 | Best Video for Class 6

chapter four in the earlier cities let
me start this video with a very
fascinating story the lost civilization
and to make this story more interesting
let me take you 150 years back when the
India was colonized by the British
it was 1853 that the railways got
introduced by the Britishers in India
and the first railway link was between
Bombay - Thani the network was spreading
all over India in all directions and it
was turned off Punjab when the link was
coming to that place let me tell you by
this time there was no word as Pakistan
and the partition was not at all there
and the size of Punjab was this much
instead of this much well the railroads
were getting constructed everywhere and
by this time the Labour's saw several
building structures which were fully
bricked they took all those brick
instead of making the new one and they
consumed all those bricks to construct
their own houses or to construct the
railway line and the link and all those
buildings that were necessary well it
took some several years for the
archaeologists to describe this as a
discovery of a lost civilization by
those Labour's as they have found a city
called as Harappa a very famous city of
the Indus Valley Civilisation was now in
front now the archaeologists have taken
the history of India by some 5000 years
back it was a create leap and by this
time they discovered the whole lot of
civilization which is called by this
name as the Indus Valley Civilization it
was a great leap in front of all the
archaeologists they found several sites
and several cities which were all
constructed it included the Harappa the
Kali Vanga the mohenjo-daro Lothal
Dholavira and whole lot of stuff which
was nothing less but a miracle in front
of the archaeologists no wonder those
Labour's did make a
damage to that particular city but still
a lot was to be discovered now let us
see what was so special about these
cities the archaeologists have found
that these cities were made in a
specific pattern most of the cities were
divided into two parts east and west
where the eastern part was a Lower City
and the western part was called as the
Citadel by the archaeologists and they
have also found that the Citadel was
higher than the Lower City they did see
that the city was made with an
interlocking pattern of several bricks
as you can see I have created this model
of that city here several bricks are
being used the houses are constructed by
those bricks itself and the city was
covered with a boundary wall - and those
bricks were so strong as they were big
they was usable even by now as we have
already seen that those labors were
using it those buildings were really
special many of the buildings used in
the Indus Valley Civilisation as we have
seen all these areas many of the
buildings here had special kind of
things created for example we have seen
in Monte d'Oro that there was a huge
tank archaeologists have discovered a
huge tank which they call it as a great
bath what was so specific about the
great bath was all over it was rooms
they had stairs on both of the sides so
that people can move inside the bath it
was a big tank which had plastered wall
on it you can see this it was all
plastered and it had a coating of
natural tar so that it can become
watertight this was so special it is
considered that these special people in
the city must have taken a bath in this
huge tank on certain festivals on or on
some kind of celebration only similarly
in Kali bunga and Lothal
here it is Kali bunga and here it is
Lothal which is in Gujarat the
archaeologists have found that over the
Citadel there was fire altars fire
altars were kind of
structures where it is considered that
the sacrifices could have been performed
similarly the archaeologists have found
storehouses which are quite elaborate in
these three cities namely Mohenjo daro
harappa and Lothal and in many cities
they have also discovered the cover
drains which was a new thing found in
any of the civilization all over the
world let us see how the houses drains
and the streets were made in these
cities the houses were really special it
has been found that they were 1 to 2
storeys high
the rooms were built around courtyard
people knew the importance of a
courtyard also most of the houses had a
separate bearing area so that they can
bath in private and also few of the
houses do have well to supply the water
and the houses which do not have wells
they have certain kind of tanks so that
they can store water for their future
need the drains were also very special
many of the cities had covered drains
which were carefully laid in straight
lines they all were covered and
geometrically patterned each drain had a
gentle slope so that water could move
with a flow of gravitation and also the
drains were connected from the house and
from the house drain to the street lane
and then to the small drain indirectly
to the bigger drain this these houses
are connected with this marune drain
which is called as the house drain and
then discharge was taken all over from
the street drain here this green color
is for the street drain then to the
small drain and then later to the bigger
drain which is here which was covering
the whole city and similarly the streets
were also found in a great shape as they
were made in a geometrical pattern
straight and it is considered that the
streets drains and the houses were all
planned at the same time now let's talk
about the life in the city hereupon City
must have been a very busy place there
were special building construction
planners we believe that they could be
the rulers of the city too it is likely
that the rulers must have sent people
outside to bring some precious metal to
their town or to collect certain beats
or other kind of raw material there were
certain scribes in the cities of Harappa
and the scribes are the people who know
how to write and specially they used to
create certain kind of seals the seals
that we have found in her purr are
rectangular in shape and they usually
have animal carvings on it and the seals
also had a script but unfortunately the
scholars have tried but they are still
not able to decipher this particular
script well apart from the scribe there
were craft person including men and
women which used to do all kinds of work
inside their homes or maybe in some some
workshop in this city and apart from
that there were travelers who used to
move in and around the city they may use
to bring certain kind of things which
never belong to the city or they may use
to take certain kind of things which
were from the city here is an image of
the city road this is the city road and
accompanying this is a drain hair which
we have already talked about and also
this is a well that has been found in
the Harappan city apart from these are
the terra cotta toys we believe that the
children of Harappa
and the nearby cities must have played
with thousands of years ago now let's
talk a little about the new crafts in
the city or the crafts that were there
in the Harappan cities the things that
we have found are either of stone or
made up of shale or metal and in metals
it was either copper bronze gold or
silver iron was not used in these sites
as we haven't found any kind of traces
if you remember in the Paleolithic or
even till Neolithic Age we didn't find
any kind of metal but in these
particular cities the metal was found
copper and bronze was used to make tools
or weapons or ornaments and vessels but
gold or silver was used only to make
ornaments and vessels it is probable
that the rulers who used to send people
outside to bring all these things they
must have kept all these gold ornaments
or beads or things like that
apart from this these are the images of
the items that we have found in the head
of power mu and Jade ro and other cities
of the Indus Valley Civilisation here
the thing that you see which is made up
of stone it is a blade
which were used by the barbers to help
men clean shave and these things these
stone blocks are the weights that were
used in those cities it does tell us
that there was flourish trade inside
those cities and well these are the
beads and this is a bead garland
similarly these are several and
different colorful beads that we have
also found in those cities these are
copper axes and these are the tools that
the people of mohenjo-daro Harappa or
Lothal must have used this is a very
prominent stone statue that we have also
found in those cities apart from these
these spots made up of clay and these
bronze vessels and bronze utensils are
also a discovery from the MU and Jade
are oh well the people of those area
must have used fans as we have found
such kind of things
France is a gum which is used to shape
sand or powdered quads into an object
these objects were glazed resulting in a
shiny and a glassy surface as you can
see this particular thing it's also
product made up of fans well fans was
used to make beads bangles airing and
tiny vessels the beads that we see here
is quite shiny and it is probable that
they were also made of hands we'll be
talking more about the Harappan cities
in our next video till then take care
good bye