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India's Struggle For Independence | General Knowledge for Young Learners - Class 1 PDF Download
| Table of contents |
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| Revolt of 1857 |
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| Swadeshi Movement |
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| Home Rule League Movement |
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| Satyagraha |
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| Non-Cooperation Movement |
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| Civil Disobedience Movement – Salt Satyagraha |
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| Quit India Movement |
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Revolt of 1857
- The British expansionist policies, economic exploitation and administrative innovations over the years had adversely affected the positions of all—rulers of Indian states, sepoys, zamindars, peasants, traders, artisans, pundits, maulvis, etc.
- The simmering discontent burst in the form of a violent storm in 1857 which shook the British empire in India to its very foundations.
Swadeshi Movement
This movement started against the British’s move for the partition of Bengal. In 1903, the British announced their decision to part Bengal.
They wanted to get two provinces out of Bengal:
- Bengal comprising Western Bengal as well as the provinces of Bihar and Orissa
- Eastern Bengal and Assam
Question for India's Struggle For IndependenceTry yourself:What was the main cause of the Swadeshi Movement?
View Solution
Home Rule League Movement
- India’s response to the First World War was seen in the Home Rule Movement. It was an effective way to show discontent in British rule.
- There were two Indian Home Rule Leagues that were organised on the lines of the Irish Home Rule Leagues. Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak were the pioneers of this new trend.
Satyagraha
During 1917 and 1918, Gandhi was involved in three struggles—in Champaran, Ahmedabad and Kheda—before he launched the Rowlatt Satyagraha.
Non-Cooperation Movement
- In India’s struggle for Independence, the Non-Cooperation movement is one of the important movements. On August 31, 1920, the Khilafat Committee started a campaign of non-cooperation and the movement was formally launched.
- The aim was to boycott major social programmes, events, offices and schools to resonate with India’s struggle for independence.
Civil Disobedience Movement – Salt Satyagraha
- After the Nehru Report was approved in December 1928 during Calcutta session of the Congress, younger elements led by Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhash Bose and Satyamurthy expressed their dissatisfaction with dominion status as the goal of Congress.
- They demanded that Congress adopt purna swaraj or complete independence as its goal. Following that, Gandhi’s 11 demands put forward to Lord Irwin to attend round table conference turned futile.
- The Congress Working Committee invested Gandhi with full powers to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement at a time and place of his choice. By February-end, Gandhi had decided to make salt the central formula for the movement.
Question for India's Struggle For IndependenceTry yourself: What was the aim of the Non-Cooperation Movement launched on August 31, 1920?View Solution
Quit India Movement
- The Cripps Mission arrived in India in March 1942. After Cripps returned, Gandhi put forward a resolution calling for British withdrawal and a non-violent non-cooperation movement against any Japanese invasion.
- The Congress Working Committee meeting at Wardha on July 14, 1942, accepted the idea of a struggle for India’s independence.
Question for India's Struggle For IndependenceTry yourself: What resolution did Gandhi propose after the Cripps Mission returned?View Solution
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| 1. What was the Revolt of 1857 and why is it significant in India's struggle for independence? |  |
Ans.The Revolt of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or the First War of Independence, was a major uprising against the British East India Company's rule in India. It began in May 1857 and involved soldiers (sepoys) in the company's army. The revolt is significant because it marked the first organized resistance against British colonial rule, highlighting widespread discontent among various sections of Indian society. Although it was ultimately suppressed, it laid the groundwork for future independence movements by awakening national consciousness and unity among Indians.
| 2. What was the Swadeshi Movement and its impact on Indian society? | |
Ans.The Swadeshi Movement began in the early 1900s as a response to British colonial policies, particularly after the partition of Bengal in 1905. It encouraged the use of Indian-made goods and the boycott of British products. The movement had a profound impact on Indian society by fostering a sense of national pride and unity. It also led to the promotion of local industries and the development of a nationalist spirit that contributed to the overall struggle for independence.
| 3. What were the main objectives of the Home Rule League Movement? | |
Ans.The Home Rule League Movement, founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant in 1916, aimed to achieve self-governance for India within the British Empire. Its main objectives included increasing political participation for Indians, promoting self-rule, and raising awareness about Indian rights. The movement garnered significant support and laid the foundation for subsequent movements, emphasizing the need for Indian self-determination and autonomy.
| 4. What is Satyagraha and how was it used in the Indian independence movement? | |
Ans.Satyagraha, a term coined by Mahatma Gandhi, means "truth force" or "soul force." It is a non-violent method of protest against injustice and oppression. Gandhi used Satyagraha in various movements, including the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement, to mobilize the masses against British rule. By advocating for non-violence and civil resistance, Satyagraha became a powerful tool in India’s struggle for independence, inspiring many who sought justice and equality.
| 5. What were the goals of the Quit India Movement and its outcomes? | |
Ans.The Quit India Movement, launched in August 1942, aimed to demand an end to British rule in India. The main goals included immediate independence and the establishment of a free India. The movement witnessed widespread protests, strikes, and civil disobedience across the country. Although it was met with severe repression, the Quit India Movement galvanized public support for independence, significantly weakening British control and paving the way for eventual freedom in 1947.
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