Infectious and Noninfectious diseases Video Lecture - Class 9

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exam so now that we have discussed about
the types of cause of a disease let us
talk about two different categories of
diseases that is infectious disease and
non-infectious disease so let us see
what are they so what first we will
discuss about the infectious disease
diseases for which microbes are the
immediate cause so what are microbes
microbes are nothing but the
microorganisms the organisms which are
small enough to be seeing with our naked
eye so they are known as microorganisms
or microbes so here in this listen
mostly we will be using the word
microbes for them so the disease's for
which microbes are the immediate cause
that means the first cause responsible
for the diseases are the microbes like
bacteria fungi viruses protozoa or some
small worms right so they are the first
cause of the disease now in such
diseases infection can spread from one
person to another this is very very
important so that is why these diseases
are known as infectious disease because
it can spread from one person to another
so you would have seen that there are
many such diseases which if happens to
one of your family members it keeps
happening to all of them toe and vital
right that's because the infection keeps
spreading from one person to another let
us take this example let us suppose that
this small girl is suffering from cold
she caught cold and she is sneezing she
is coughing all the time right now if
this little girl comes near her and she
spends a lot of time with this girl what
happens the infection tends to reach
this girl so the infection tends to get
transferred from the infected girl to
the healthy girl and a healthy girl also
gets cold it happens with most of us
generally right now the question is how
do the micro
enter from the infected person to the
healthy person how did it enter from
first girl to the second curve now that
again depends there are many ways by
which the microbes can get transferred
from one person to another so we will
talk about the various ways by which
they get transferred from one to another
person so we will talk about that in one
of our next slide
but for now you should understand that
these kinds of diseases get I mean the
microbes actually since they are caused
by microorganisms and these
microorganisms can get transferred from
one person to another and that is why
these diseases can also spread from one
person to another so who are the
infectious agents here microbes are
known as the infectious agents because
they are responsible for spreading that
infection so that is why they are called
infectious agents also termed as
communicable all contagious diseases
communicable disease because why it is
quite communicable because it can be
communicated from one person to another
that is why they are called communicable
disease or contagious disease because
contagious again means the same that
means it can transfer from one to
another person so let us look at some of
the examples of infectious diseases flu
you would have seen that when there is a
season change right it suppose extremely
hot weather was there and suddenly the
weather became cold most of the people
tends to get catch cold and they get
fever slight fever with little cough and
cold so that is called flu so that flu
is a I mean fever which lasts for around
two to three days and it happens to
everybody because it is communicable so
when someone sneezes or when someone
coughs other persons who are nearby they
also tend to catch the same infection so
flu common common cold of measles these
are some of the examples of infectious
diseases now if you look at these
diseases all of them spread from one
person to another person right okay now
on the other hand
Arnon infectious diseases diseases for
which microbes are not the immediate
cause so microbes are not the cause of
these diseases think I have also spoken
about these kind of diseases in one of
our previous slides right so it does not
spread from one person to another
so if microorganisms are the cause in
that case there is a possibility that
the same microorganism can get
transferred to other person now if it is
not at all the cause in that case they
cannot spread to some other person so
what are the causes in these diseases
they are internal non-infectious causes
so some internal causes may be the cause
is related to internal of the body of a
person so let us look at the examples
cancer diabetes high blood pressure
these are some of the examples of non
infectious diseases so if you see if
somebody is suffering from cancer if you
come near that person or if you stay
with that person you touch that person
you will not get infected because the
cause of cancer is something related to
the gene so something which is related
to the inside of your body alone and it
cannot be transmitted to somebody else
right similarly if you talk of diabetes
it is because of the level of sugar
inside your body is more so there is no
way that it can get communicated the
sugar cannot get transferred from your
body to somebody else's body
right similarly blood pressure so blood
pressure again is something which is
related to as I said heredity tension
stress improper food intake so these
kind of diseases cannot spread from one
person to another person because their
causes are internal and non-infectious
disease so that is why these diseases
are often known as non communicable
diseases or non contagious diseases now
let us talk about the infectious agents
in detail now in this lesson lesson we
will give more attention to the infant
diseases so we will talk more and more
about all the infectious diseases how
the infection actually take place how
the infectious agents what are the
infectious agents what are diseases do
they cause how they enter our body how
can we get rid of them or how can we
kill them so we will talk all about that
so what are the infectious agents we
spoke about in the last few slides the
infectious agents are the microbes right
so many categories of microbes can act
as infectious agents like viruses
bacteria fungi protozoa and worms
these are the categories of
microorganisms which can act as
infectious agents so here you can see
that some of them are unicellular some
of them like worms are multicellular as
well
so they can be unicellular or
multicellular organisms and they act as
the agents who spread infection so now
let us look at the diseases which are
caused by different infectious agents so
what all diseases each of these
infectious agents give rise to now you
must be wondering why do we need to know
all this ok fine these are the disease's
we should already suffer from why do we
need to know which organism cause than
disease we need to know that because if
we have the knowledge of the organism
which cause that disease it helps us to
treat or to cure that disease now how
does it help in the treatment we will
talk about that in one of the slides
which is going to come soon so in this
slide we will talk about the diseases
which are caused by each of the
different infectious agents so let us
first talk about viruses some of the
diseases caused by viruses are common
cold
influenza then you AIDS these are some
of the viral infections the common cold
is something which you would have seen
you will sneeze you will have a flowy
nose now you might also have little
fever at certain times like so influenza
is also similar to that then you do
fever is something which has become very
deadly these days sometimes it becomes
so dangerous that it can prove fatal to
the human beings right so this dengue
fever is also caused by when a mosquito
bites you right now the mosquito bites
you what happens it actually injects the
virus which causes thank you inside your
body and that is how you catch then then
AIDS what is aids aids is acquired
immune deficiency syndrome so AIDS is a
short form it the full formals acquired
immune deficiency syndrome so AIDS is
again a disease which is caused by a
virus now in this case how the virus
generally enters our body so mostly you
needs the virus enters our body either
through sexual activity through the
sexual organs or sometimes it also
enters our body through blood
transfusion maybe if the same needle is
if there is a person who is now
suffering from AIDS if and if there is
not a healthy person if the same needle
to take out blood from the body of the
person is to be used in both the cases
that can often cause transfer the virus
from the affected person to the healthy
person right so these are some of the
diseases which are caused by virus next
let us look at the diseases caused by
bacteria now here you can see many
different bacterias and many different
shapes like that's because we have
spoken right bacterias come in a variety
of shapes and sizes some are spherical
some are elongated
tube-like structures so they come in a
variety of shapes and sizes so the
disease is caused by bacteria are
typhoid cholera tuberculosis and tax
these are some of the diseases so when I
talk of typhoid what happens generally
typer these are some of the cause
my name's like typhoid calera you would
have heard it in people so what happens
in typhoid we generally have fever you
have lot of weakness and generally
typhoid happens through food or water
intake that means when the bacteria
enters your body through the food or the
water which you take so that means you
should take proper care that you are
taking proper hygienic clean food and
clean water right : any talk of Ko Olina
what are the symptoms which you
generally see watery diarrhea that means
you will have use motions to a very
large extent vomiting is also seen and
colon also generally happens through
water so a proper care should be taken
to maintain cleanliness of drinking
water tuberculosis tuberculosis is often
known as TB this disease is most
commonly known as TB why is it called TB
because it is caused by a specific type
of bacteria whose scientific name is to
Barrow bacillus so that T is for to
burrow and B is for bacillus right now
as I am telling that these each of these
diseases are caused by a specific
species of bacteria because even inside
backgr you have many different types of
bacteria now each of these diseases are
caused by a specific type of bacterium
right now at this level we are not going
to get into that detail of each of these
diseases in your higher classes that is
in your 11 and 12 you will again talk
about these diseases but there we will
talk about each of these diseases in
detail which particular species of
bacteria causes typhoid and how to be
cured because we will learn about it in
that detail that time so for now you
should just know that bacteria causes
all these diseases so what happens in
tuberculosis or TB so here mainly the
lungs get affected so mostly lungs are
affected and the bacteria enters while
breathing through your nose and that is
why it directly affects the lungs again
anthrax anthrax is a disease which is
common in cattle but sometimes it also
affects humans and it can be lethal it
can be life taking let us look at the
next set of infectious agents that is
Fung line they are responsible mostly
for skin infections so many different
kinds of infections or allergies on skin
can happen because of fungi then is
protozoa
protozoa is responsible for malaria and
Kailasa so khalasar is nothing but black
fever in malaria as well it colours are
both in both you have you get high fever
with lot of shivering so you will see
people who are suffering from malaria
there generally whenever they get that
when they were their body temperature
goes high they start to shiver a lot
warms these warms can also cause many
diseases like stomach or intestine
infection it can also cause elephant TSS
what is
elephantiasis now elephantiasis is a
disease where the skin becomes thickened
the skin becomes so thick and also the
tissue left below the skin becomes very
thick that your the leg and go it mostly
happens near your leg and as a result
the leg swells up badly so the leg
becomes very fat and very swollen up and
that is why this disease is known as
elephantiasis right so this is also
caused by worms and worms also cause
stomach and intestinal infection it
enters our body through the food which
we eat and that is why it is always
advice then before cooking the green
vegetables they should be cleaned
properly they should be washed properly
they should be boiled so that even if
there are any worms when you boil them
the bones are dead so they do not harm
you alright so things before cooking and
that is why we cooked food and eat
because when we cook food the germs
which are present
the food they get killed because when we
cook it we are actually boiling it at a
very high temperature right so that is
how warms can also cause infection
inside our stomach or intestine so here
we saw some of the diseases which are
caused by the different type of
infectious agents right thank you
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