Introduction
The financial manager must take careful decisions on how the profit should be distributed among shareholders. It is very important and crucial part of the business concern, because these decisions are directly related with the value of the business concern and shareholder’s wealth. Like financing decision and investment decision, dividend decision is also a major part of the financial manager. When the business concerns decide dividend policy, they have to consider certain factors such as retained earnings and the nature of shareholder of the business concern.
Meaning of Dividend
Dividend refers to the business concerns net profits distributed among the shareholders. It may also be termed as the part of the profit of a business concern, which is distributed among its shareholders. According to the Institute of Chartered Accountant of India, dividend is defined as “a distribution to shareholders out of profits or reserves available for this purpose”.
Types of Dividend/ Form of Dividend
Dividend may be distributed among the shareholders in the form of cash or stock. Hence, Dividends are classified into:
A. Cash dividend
B. Stock dividend
C. Bond dividend
D. Property dividend
Fig. Types of Dividend
Cash Dividend
If the dividend is paid in the form of cash to the shareholders, it is called cash dividend. It is paid periodically out the business concerns EAIT (Earnings after interest and tax). Cash dividends are common and popular types followed by majority of the business concerns.
Stock Dividend
Stock dividend is paid in the form of the company stock due to raising of more finance. Under this type, cash is retained by the business concern. Stock dividend may be bonus issue. This issue is given only to the existing shareholders of the business concern.
Bond Dividend
Bond dividend is also known as script dividend. If the company does not have sufficient funds to pay cash dividend, the company promises to pay the shareholder at a future specific date with the help of issue of bond or notes.
Property Dividend
Property dividends are paid in the form of some assets other than cash. It will distributed under the exceptional circumstance. This type of dividend is not published in India.
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1. What is the dividend decision in accountancy and financial management? |
2. How is the dividend decision influenced by financial management? |
3. What are the factors that affect the dividend decision? |
4. How does the dividend decision impact shareholders? |
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of dividend payments? |
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