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Introduction to Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Video Lecture - Class 12

FAQs on Introduction to Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Video Lecture - Class 12

1. What are aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids?

Aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (-C=O) in their structure. Aldehydes have the carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain, while ketones have it in the middle. Carboxylic acids have the carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group (-COOH). They play vital roles in various biological and chemical processes.

2. What are some common examples of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids?

Some common examples of aldehydes include formaldehyde (CH2O), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), and benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO). Common ketones include acetone (CH3COCH3), cyclohexanone (C6H10O), and acetophenone (C6H5COCH3). Examples of carboxylic acids include acetic acid (CH3COOH), formic acid (HCOOH), and benzoic acid (C6H5COOH).

3. What are the main differences between aldehydes and ketones?

The main difference between aldehydes and ketones lies in the position of the carbonyl group within the carbon chain. In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is located at the end of the carbon chain, while in ketones, it is positioned in the middle. This structural difference affects their chemical properties and reactivity.

4. How do aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids react with nucleophiles?

Aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids can all undergo nucleophilic addition reactions. Nucleophiles, such as hydroxide ions or amines, attack the electrophilic carbon atom of the carbonyl group, leading to the formation of a new bond. In aldehydes and ketones, the addition of a nucleophile results in the formation of a new alcohol, while in carboxylic acids, it leads to the formation of an ester.

5. What are some common uses of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids?

Aldehydes find applications in the production of plastics, resins, and solvents. Formaldehyde, for example, is used in the manufacturing of urea-formaldehyde resins and as a disinfectant. Ketones are commonly used as solvents, especially acetone in nail polish removers and paint thinners. Carboxylic acids have various uses, including as preservatives in food and beverages (e.g., citric acid) and as building blocks in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fragrances.

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