Introduction to Computers - Computer Fundamentals

Introduction to Computers - Computer Fundamentals

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 Page 1


Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 1/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
Page 2


Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 1/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 2/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
In this chapter you will learn about:
§ Computer
§ Data processing
§ Characteristic features of computers
§ Computers’ evolution to their present form
§ Computer generations
§ Characteristic features of each computer generation
01
Page 3


Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 1/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 2/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
In this chapter you will learn about:
§ Computer
§ Data processing
§ Characteristic features of computers
§ Computers’ evolution to their present form
§ Computer generations
§ Characteristic features of each computer generation
01
Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 3/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
§ The word computer comes from the word “compute”, 
which means, “to calculate”
§ Thereby, a computer is an electronic device that can 
perform arithmetic operations at high speed
§ A computer is also called a data processor because it can 
store, process, and retrieve data whenever desired
Computer
Computer
01
Page 4


Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 1/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 2/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
In this chapter you will learn about:
§ Computer
§ Data processing
§ Characteristic features of computers
§ Computers’ evolution to their present form
§ Computer generations
§ Characteristic features of each computer generation
01
Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 3/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
§ The word computer comes from the word “compute”, 
which means, “to calculate”
§ Thereby, a computer is an electronic device that can 
perform arithmetic operations at high speed
§ A computer is also called a data processor because it can 
store, process, and retrieve data whenever desired
Computer
Computer
01
Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 4/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
Data Processing
Data Processing
The activity of processing data using a computer is called 
data processing
Data
Capture Data
Manipulate Data
Output Results
Information
Data is raw material used as input and information is 
processed data obtained as output of data processing
01
Page 5


Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 1/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 2/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
In this chapter you will learn about:
§ Computer
§ Data processing
§ Characteristic features of computers
§ Computers’ evolution to their present form
§ Computer generations
§ Characteristic features of each computer generation
01
Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 3/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
§ The word computer comes from the word “compute”, 
which means, “to calculate”
§ Thereby, a computer is an electronic device that can 
perform arithmetic operations at high speed
§ A computer is also called a data processor because it can 
store, process, and retrieve data whenever desired
Computer
Computer
01
Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 4/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
Data Processing
Data Processing
The activity of processing data using a computer is called 
data processing
Data
Capture Data
Manipulate Data
Output Results
Information
Data is raw material used as input and information is 
processed data obtained as output of data processing
01
Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 5/17 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Ref Page 
1) Automatic: Given a job, computer can work on it 
automatically without human interventions
2) Speed: Computer can perform data processing jobs 
very fast, usually measured in microseconds (10
-6
), 
nanoseconds (10
-9
), and picoseconds (10
-12
)
3) Accuracy: Accuracy of a computer is consistently high 
and the degree of its accuracy depends upon its design. 
Computer errors caused due to incorrect input data or 
unreliable programs are often referred to as Garbage-
In-Garbage-Out (GIGO)
(Continued on next slide)
Characteristics of Computers
Characteristics of Computers
02
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FAQs on Introduction to Computers - Computer Fundamentals

1. What is computer fundamentals?
Ans. Computer fundamentals refer to the basic principles and components of a computer system. It includes understanding the hardware, software, operating systems, networks, and applications that make up a computer.
2. What are the main components of a computer system?
Ans. The main components of a computer system are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input devices (keyboard, mouse), output devices (monitor, printer), storage devices (hard drive, USB), and the motherboard that connects all these components.
3. What is the role of an operating system in a computer?
Ans. An operating system (OS) is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources. It acts as an interface between the user and the computer, allowing the user to interact with applications and perform tasks. It also manages memory, files, and controls the execution of programs.
4. How does a computer network work?
Ans. A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that can share resources and communicate with each other. It works by using network protocols (rules) to transmit data between devices. The devices can be connected using wired connections (Ethernet cables) or wireless connections (Wi-Fi). Data is transmitted in the form of packets, which are small units of information.
5. What are some common computer applications?
Ans. Common computer applications include word processors (Microsoft Word, Google Docs), spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets), presentation software (Microsoft PowerPoint, Google Slides), web browsers (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox), and email clients (Microsoft Outlook, Gmail). These applications allow users to perform various tasks such as creating documents, analyzing data, making presentations, browsing the internet, and managing emails.
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