Introduction to Operating System and its Functions Video Lecture | Crash Course: Computer Science Engineering (CSE)

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1. What is an operating system and what are its main functions?
Ans. An operating system (OS) is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. Its main functions include managing computer memory, controlling hardware devices, scheduling tasks, providing user interface, and ensuring system security.
2. What are the types of operating systems?
Ans. There are several types of operating systems, including: - Batch operating system: It processes a set of similar jobs in a batch without any interaction with the user. - Time-sharing operating system: It allows multiple users to share the computer resources simultaneously. - Distributed operating system: It runs on multiple machines and provides a unified interface to users. - Real-time operating system: It is designed for applications that require a guaranteed response within a specific time frame. - Network operating system: It allows multiple computers to communicate and share resources over a network.
3. How does an operating system manage memory?
Ans. An operating system manages memory by dividing it into different partitions or segments. It keeps track of which parts of memory are currently in use and which are available. It also handles memory allocation and deallocation for different processes, ensuring that each process has sufficient memory to execute. The operating system may use techniques such as paging, segmentation, or virtual memory to efficiently manage memory.
4. What is the role of an operating system in controlling hardware devices?
Ans. The operating system acts as an intermediary between application software and hardware devices. It provides device drivers, which are software modules responsible for controlling specific hardware devices. The operating system handles device initialization, input/output operations, and manages device conflicts. It also provides an interface for applications to access and use the hardware devices without directly interacting with their low-level details.
5. How does an operating system ensure system security?
Ans. An operating system ensures system security through various mechanisms. It provides user authentication and access control, allowing only authorized users to access system resources. It also implements file and data security measures, such as file permissions and encryption, to protect sensitive information. The operating system may use firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and antivirus software to detect and prevent unauthorized access or malicious activities. Additionally, it enforces system integrity by monitoring and controlling the execution of processes and preventing unauthorized modifications to critical system files.
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