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FAQs on Irodov Solutions: The First Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Capacity (2.2) - Physics for Grade 12

1. What is the definition of heat capacity in the context of the first law of thermodynamics?
Ans. Heat capacity, in the context of the first law of thermodynamics, is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin). It is denoted by the symbol C and is measured in units of joules per degree Celsius (J/°C) or joules per Kelvin (J/K).
2. How is heat capacity different from specific heat capacity?
Ans. Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of an entire substance, while specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance. Specific heat capacity is obtained by dividing the heat capacity by the mass of the substance. Therefore, specific heat capacity is an intensive property, whereas heat capacity is an extensive property.
3. Can the heat capacity of a substance vary with temperature?
Ans. Yes, the heat capacity of a substance can vary with temperature. In the case of gases, the heat capacity depends on whether the process occurs at constant volume (Cv) or constant pressure (Cp). For solids and liquids, the heat capacity may also vary with temperature due to changes in the vibrational, rotational, and translational motion of the particles.
4. How is the first law of thermodynamics related to heat capacity?
Ans. The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system. Heat capacity plays a crucial role in this law as it helps determine the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance. By knowing the heat capacity, one can calculate the change in internal energy of a system.
5. How can the heat capacity of a substance be experimentally determined?
Ans. The heat capacity of a substance can be experimentally determined by measuring the amount of heat energy transferred to it and the resulting change in temperature. This can be done using a calorimeter, which is a device designed to measure heat transfer. By knowing the mass of the substance and the change in temperature, the heat capacity can be calculated using the formula Q = mCΔT, where Q is the heat transferred, m is the mass, C is the heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
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