Laws of Inheritance - Class 10 PDF Download

Laws of Inheritance

Mendel proposed three laws:

• Law of Dominance
• The Law of Segregation
• Law of independent assortment

Law of Dominance

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This law states that in a heterozygous condition, the allele whose characters are expressed over the other allele is called the dominant allele and the characters of this dominant allele are called dominant characters. The characters that appear in the F1 generation are called as dominant characters. The recessive characters appear in the F2 generation.

Law of Segregation

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This law states that when two traits come together in one hybrid pair, the two characters do not mix with each other and are independent of each other. Each gamete receives one of the two alleles during meiosis of the chromosome.

Mendel’s law of segregations supports the phenotypic ratio of 3:1 i.e the homozygous dominant and heterozygous offsprings show dominant traits while the homozygous recessive shows the recessive trait.

Law of Independent Assortment

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This means that at the time of gamete formation, the two genes segregate independently of each other as well as of other traits. Law of independent assortment emphasizes that there are separate genes for separate traits and characters and they influence and sort themselves independently of the other genes.

This law also says that at the time of gamete and zygote formation, the genes are independently passed on from the parents to the offspring.