Lecture 16 - Applications of Bioinformatics | Bioinformatics - Botany PDF Download

 Page 1


Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subject: Bioinformatics 
Lesson: Applications of Bioinformatics 
Lesson Developer: Arun Jagannath 
College/ Department: Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi 
 
Page 2


Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subject: Bioinformatics 
Lesson: Applications of Bioinformatics 
Lesson Developer: Arun Jagannath 
College/ Department: Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi 
 
Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 
 
 
Table of Contents       
 
Chapter: Applications of Bioinformatics                                                           
? Introduction  
? Bioinformatics and Genomics 
? Genome and genome sequencing projects 
? The Human Genome Project (HGP) 
? Gene prediction methods  
? Comparative genomics and functional genomics 
? Pharmacogenomics 
? Next Generation Sequencing 
? Bioinformatics and Protein Structure Prediction 
? Levels of protein architecture   
? Explosion in the growth of biological sequence and 
structure data 
? Computational approaches to protein structure 
prediction   
? Bioinformatics in Drug Discovery and 
Development  
? Drug Discovery & Development: A difficult and 
expensive problem  
? Where computational techniques are used?  
? Target identification and validation  
? Target Structure Prediction 
? Binding Site Identification and Characterization 
Page 3


Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subject: Bioinformatics 
Lesson: Applications of Bioinformatics 
Lesson Developer: Arun Jagannath 
College/ Department: Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi 
 
Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 
 
 
Table of Contents       
 
Chapter: Applications of Bioinformatics                                                           
? Introduction  
? Bioinformatics and Genomics 
? Genome and genome sequencing projects 
? The Human Genome Project (HGP) 
? Gene prediction methods  
? Comparative genomics and functional genomics 
? Pharmacogenomics 
? Next Generation Sequencing 
? Bioinformatics and Protein Structure Prediction 
? Levels of protein architecture   
? Explosion in the growth of biological sequence and 
structure data 
? Computational approaches to protein structure 
prediction   
? Bioinformatics in Drug Discovery and 
Development  
? Drug Discovery & Development: A difficult and 
expensive problem  
? Where computational techniques are used?  
? Target identification and validation  
? Target Structure Prediction 
? Binding Site Identification and Characterization 
Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 2 
? Lead Identification Strategies 
? Structure-based approaches- Virtual 
Screening by Docking 
? Ligand-based approaches    
? Lead Optimization 
? Bioinformatics and Metabolomics 
? Systems Biology: Application & Future Prospects 
? From OMICS to systems biology 
? Complexity of complex disorders 
? Systems Pharmacology 
? Summary  
? Exercise/ Practice 
? Glossary 
? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 4


Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subject: Bioinformatics 
Lesson: Applications of Bioinformatics 
Lesson Developer: Arun Jagannath 
College/ Department: Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi 
 
Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 
 
 
Table of Contents       
 
Chapter: Applications of Bioinformatics                                                           
? Introduction  
? Bioinformatics and Genomics 
? Genome and genome sequencing projects 
? The Human Genome Project (HGP) 
? Gene prediction methods  
? Comparative genomics and functional genomics 
? Pharmacogenomics 
? Next Generation Sequencing 
? Bioinformatics and Protein Structure Prediction 
? Levels of protein architecture   
? Explosion in the growth of biological sequence and 
structure data 
? Computational approaches to protein structure 
prediction   
? Bioinformatics in Drug Discovery and 
Development  
? Drug Discovery & Development: A difficult and 
expensive problem  
? Where computational techniques are used?  
? Target identification and validation  
? Target Structure Prediction 
? Binding Site Identification and Characterization 
Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 2 
? Lead Identification Strategies 
? Structure-based approaches- Virtual 
Screening by Docking 
? Ligand-based approaches    
? Lead Optimization 
? Bioinformatics and Metabolomics 
? Systems Biology: Application & Future Prospects 
? From OMICS to systems biology 
? Complexity of complex disorders 
? Systems Pharmacology 
? Summary  
? Exercise/ Practice 
? Glossary 
? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 3 
Introduction 
 
Bioinformatics is the application of IT to address a biological data. Bioinformatics helps us in 
understanding biological processes and involves development and application of 
computational techniques to analyse and interpret a biological problem. Major research 
efforts in the area of bioinformatics and computational biology include sequence alignment, 
genome annotation, prediction of protein structure and drug discovery. The challenges 
facing bioinformatics and areas of potential applications are shown below- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure : Challenges in bioinformatics 
Source: Author 
 
 
Page 5


Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subject: Bioinformatics 
Lesson: Applications of Bioinformatics 
Lesson Developer: Arun Jagannath 
College/ Department: Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi 
 
Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 
 
 
Table of Contents       
 
Chapter: Applications of Bioinformatics                                                           
? Introduction  
? Bioinformatics and Genomics 
? Genome and genome sequencing projects 
? The Human Genome Project (HGP) 
? Gene prediction methods  
? Comparative genomics and functional genomics 
? Pharmacogenomics 
? Next Generation Sequencing 
? Bioinformatics and Protein Structure Prediction 
? Levels of protein architecture   
? Explosion in the growth of biological sequence and 
structure data 
? Computational approaches to protein structure 
prediction   
? Bioinformatics in Drug Discovery and 
Development  
? Drug Discovery & Development: A difficult and 
expensive problem  
? Where computational techniques are used?  
? Target identification and validation  
? Target Structure Prediction 
? Binding Site Identification and Characterization 
Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 2 
? Lead Identification Strategies 
? Structure-based approaches- Virtual 
Screening by Docking 
? Ligand-based approaches    
? Lead Optimization 
? Bioinformatics and Metabolomics 
? Systems Biology: Application & Future Prospects 
? From OMICS to systems biology 
? Complexity of complex disorders 
? Systems Pharmacology 
? Summary  
? Exercise/ Practice 
? Glossary 
? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 3 
Introduction 
 
Bioinformatics is the application of IT to address a biological data. Bioinformatics helps us in 
understanding biological processes and involves development and application of 
computational techniques to analyse and interpret a biological problem. Major research 
efforts in the area of bioinformatics and computational biology include sequence alignment, 
genome annotation, prediction of protein structure and drug discovery. The challenges 
facing bioinformatics and areas of potential applications are shown below- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure : Challenges in bioinformatics 
Source: Author 
 
 
Applications of Bioinformatics 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 4 
 
 
Figure: Major research areas in bioinformatics 
Source: Author 
 
Bioinformatics and Genomics 
 
Genome and Genome Sequencing Projects 
 
The word "genome" was coined by Hans Winkler from the German “Genom” in as early as 
1926.  The total DNA present in a given cell is called genome. In most cells, the genome is 
packed into two sets of chromosomes, one set from maternal and another one set from 
paternal inheritance. These chromosomes are composed of 3 billion base pairs of DNA. The  
four nucleotides (letters) that make up DNA are A, T, G, and C. Just like the alphabets in a 
sentence  in a book make words to tell a story, same do letters of the four bases – A, T, G, C 
in our genomes. 
 
Genomics is the study of the genomes that make up the genetic material of organism. 
Genome studies include sequencing of the complete DNA sequence in a genome and also 
include gene annotation for understanding the structural and functional aspects of the 
genome.