Local Nigerian Biomes | Biology for JAMB PDF Download

Introduction

Nigeria, located in West Africa, boasts a rich diversity of biomes due to its varied climatic and geographical features. In this note, we will explore some prominent local Nigerian biomes that are crucial for the JAMB Biology exam. These biomes include the tropical rainforest, Guinea Savanna (southern and northern regions), Sudan Savanna, desert, and the highlands of montane forests and grasslands found in the Obudu-Jos-Mambila Plateaus.

Tropical Rainforest

The tropical rainforest biome is characterized by dense vegetation, high rainfall, and high temperatures. This biome is found primarily in the southern part of Nigeria, including areas such as Cross River, Rivers, and Akwa Ibom states. It is known for its remarkable biodiversity, housing a wide range of plant and animal species, including iconic primates like chimpanzees and gorillas.

Guinea Savanna (Southern and Northern)

The Guinea Savanna biome covers a significant portion of Nigeria, particularly in the southern and northern regions. It is a transition zone between the tropical rainforest and the Sudan Savanna. The southern Guinea Savanna is characterized by a mix of grassland and scattered trees, while the northern Guinea Savanna features shorter grasses and fewer trees. This biome is known for supporting diverse wildlife, including elephants, lions, and various antelope species.

Sudan Savanna

The Sudan Savanna is found in the northeastern and north-central parts of Nigeria. It is marked by a grassy landscape with scattered trees and shrubs. The Sudan Savanna experiences a shorter rainy season compared to the tropical rainforest and Guinea Savanna. Animals such as zebras, giraffes, and different bird species can be found in this biome.

Desert

In the northernmost region of Nigeria lies the Sahara Desert, one of the largest deserts in the world. The desert biome is characterized by arid conditions, extreme temperatures, and sparse vegetation. It is a challenging environment for most living organisms, but certain species such as camels and desert-adapted plants have adapted to survive in this harsh climate.

Highland of Montane Forests and Grasslands of the Obudu-Jos-Mambila Plateaus

The Obudu-Jos-Mambila Plateaus are located in the northeastern part of Nigeria. This highland biome features a combination of montane forests and grasslands. The montane forests are characterized by cooler temperatures and a dense canopy of trees, while the grasslands offer open spaces with scattered trees. This biome supports various species of monkeys, birds, and unique plant communities.

Conclusion

Understanding the local Nigerian biomes is essential for the JAMB Biology exam. Nigeria's biomes, including the tropical rainforest, Guinea Savanna, Sudan Savanna, desert, and highland of montane forests and grasslands, showcase the country's rich biodiversity and the diverse adaptations of organisms to different environmental conditions. Knowledge of these biomes aids in understanding ecological concepts, conservation efforts, and the interdependence of organisms in Nigerian ecosystems.