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Main Memory Organization: Stored Program
The present day digital computers are based on stored-program concept introduced by Von Neumann. In this stored-program concept, programs and data are stored in separate storage unit called memories.
Central Processing Unit, the main component of computer can work with the information stored in storage unit only.
In 1946, Von Neumann and his colleagues began the design of a stored-program computer at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton.This computer is referred as the IAS computer.
The structure of IAS computer is shown in the next page.
The IAS computer is having three basic units:
- The Central Processing Unit (CPU).
- The Main Memory Unit.
- The Input/Output Device.
Central Processing Unit:
This is the main unit of computer, which is responsible to perform all the operations. The CPU of the IAS computer consists of a data processing unit and a program control unit.
The data processing unit contains a high speed registers intended for temporary storage of instructions, memory addresses and data. The main action specified by instructions are performed by the arithmatic-logic circuits of the data processing unit.
The control circuits in the program control unit are responsible for fetching instructions, decoding opcodes, controlling the information movements correctly through the system, and providing proper control signals for all CPU actions.
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FAQs on Main Memory Organization: Stored Program - Computer Architecture & Organisation (CAO) - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)
| 1. What is main memory organization in computer science engineering? |  |
Ans. Main memory organization refers to the way the memory is structured and organized in a computer system. It includes the arrangement of memory cells, addressing techniques, and data storage methods.
| 2. Why is stored program concept important in computer science engineering? | |
Ans. The stored program concept is important in computer science engineering as it allows the computer to store and execute instructions from the memory. This concept enables flexibility, as different programs can be loaded into the memory and executed without the need for hardware modifications.
| 3. How does main memory organization impact the performance of a computer system? | |
Ans. Main memory organization plays a crucial role in determining the performance of a computer system. Efficient memory organization can improve the speed of data access and reduce the time required for instructions to be fetched and executed. On the other hand, poor memory organization can result in slower execution and decreased overall performance.
| 4. What are the different techniques used for addressing memory in main memory organization? | |
Ans. The main memory organization uses various addressing techniques to access memory cells. Some commonly used techniques include direct addressing, indirect addressing, indexed addressing, and register addressing. Each technique has its own advantages and is suitable for different types of data access.
| 5. How can computer science engineers optimize main memory organization in a computer system? | |
Ans. Computer science engineers can optimize main memory organization by carefully designing memory hierarchies, using caching techniques, and implementing efficient memory management algorithms. They can also analyze the memory access patterns of programs and make adjustments to improve data locality and reduce memory access latency.
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