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Matter in Our Surroundings Class 9 Notes Science Chapter 1

1. Melting or Fusion : The process due to which a solid changes into liquid state at constant temperature, by absorbing heat energy, is known as melting or fusion.

2. Freezing or Solidification : The process due to which a liquid changes into solid state at constant temperature, by giving out heat energy, is known as freezing or solidification.

3. Melting point : The constant temperature at which a solid changes into liquid state by absorbing heat energy, is called melting point.

4. Freezing point : The constant temperature at which a liquid changes into solid state by giving out heat energy, is called freezing point.

5. Boiling or Vaporisation : The process due to which a liquid changes into a gaseous state at constant temperature, by absorbing heat energy, is known as boiling or vaporisation.

6. Condensation or Liquefaction : The process due to which a gas changes into a liquid state at constant temperature, by giving out, heat energy, is known as condenstion or liquefaction.

7. Boiling point : The constant temperature at which a liquid rapidly changes into its gaseous state by absorbing heat energy, is known as boiling point.

8. Liquefaction point : The constant temperature at which a gas rapidly changes into its liquid state by giving out heat energy, is known as liquefaction point.

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FAQs on Matter in Our Surroundings Class 9 Notes Science Chapter 1

1. What is the concept of matter in our surroundings?
Ans. Matter in our surroundings refers to anything that occupies space and has mass. It can exist in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. This concept helps us understand the physical properties and behavior of different substances around us.
2. What are the characteristics of the three states of matter?
Ans. The characteristics of the three states of matter are as follows: - Solid: Particles in a solid are closely packed, have fixed positions, and vibrate around their mean positions. Solids have a definite shape and volume. - Liquid: Particles in a liquid are loosely packed and can move around each other. They have no fixed shape but have a definite volume. - Gas: Particles in a gas are far apart, move freely, and have high kinetic energy. Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
3. What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
Ans. Evaporation and boiling are both processes of converting a liquid into a gas, but they differ in the following ways: - Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid at any temperature, while boiling occurs throughout the liquid at a specific temperature called the boiling point. - Evaporation is a slow process, while boiling is a rapid process. - Evaporation can occur at any temperature, while boiling only occurs at or above the boiling point of a liquid.
4. How does the interconversion of states of matter occur?
Ans. The interconversion of states of matter occurs through the gain or loss of heat energy. When heat energy is supplied to a substance, its particles gain energy and move more vigorously, causing a change in state. For example, when a solid is heated, it melts and becomes a liquid. Similarly, when a liquid is heated, it vaporizes and becomes a gas. The reverse process occurs when heat energy is removed from a substance.
5. What is the importance of matter in our surroundings in our daily life?
Ans. Matter in our surroundings is of great importance in our daily life. Some of its significance includes: - It helps us understand the properties and behavior of different substances around us, enabling us to use them effectively. - It explains the processes of evaporation and condensation, which are essential in the water cycle and various industrial processes. - It helps in understanding the behavior of gases, which is crucial in areas like weather forecasting and air pollution control. - It provides the foundation for studying more advanced concepts in chemistry and physics, leading to technological advancements and innovations.
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