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Metals & Non-Metals
Types of substances
- Elements
- Compounds
Elements
- Robert Boyle was the first scientist to use the term element in 1661.
- Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-94), a French chemist, defined an element as a basic form of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions.
Elements can be normally divided into:
- Metals,
- Mon-metals and
- Metalloids.
Physical Properties of Metal
- They have a lustre (shine).
- They have silvery-grey or golden-yellow colour.
- They conduct heat and electricity.
- They are ductile (can be drawn into wires).
- They are malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets).
- They are sonorous (make a ringing sound when hit).
- Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature.
Chemical Properties of Metal
- Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides.
- Most metal oxides are insoluble in water but some of these dissolve in water to form alkalis.
- Metals react with acids to give a salt and hydrogen gas
- Usually have 1-3 electrons in their outer shell.
Relative reactivity of metals
Physical Properties of Non-Metals
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
- Brittle - if a solid.
- Non-ductile.
- Do not possess metallic lustre.
- Transparent as a thin sheet.
- Solids, liquids or gases at room temperature.
Chemical Properties of Non-Metals
- Usually have 4-8 electrons in their outer shell.
- Gain or share valence electrons easily.
- Form oxides that are acidic
- Are good Oxidizing aqents
- Have higher electro- negativities
Metalloids
- Some elements have intermediate properties between those of metals and non-metals, they are called metalloids; examples are boron, silicon, germanium etc.
COMPOUNDS
- A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.
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FAQs on Metals And Non - Metals - Notes, Chemistry - General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams
| 1. What are metals and non-metals? |  |
Ans. Metals are elements that are generally shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and can be hammered into different shapes (malleable) or stretched into wires (ductile). Non-metals, on the other hand, lack these properties and are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity.
| 2. How are metals and non-metals different in terms of their physical properties? | |
Ans. Metals have a lustrous appearance, high density, high melting and boiling points, and are generally solid at room temperature, except for mercury. Non-metals, on the other hand, can exist in various forms, including solids, liquids (bromine), and gases (oxygen, nitrogen). They have low density, low melting and boiling points, and lack a shiny appearance.
| 3. What are some examples of metals and non-metals? | |
Ans. Examples of metals include iron, copper, gold, silver, aluminum, and zinc. Examples of non-metals include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, and iodine.
| 4. How do metals and non-metals react with oxygen? | |
Ans. Metals generally react with oxygen to form metal oxides. This reaction is known as oxidation. Non-metals, on the other hand, react with oxygen to form non-metal oxides. These reactions are often exothermic and can release heat.
| 5. What are the uses of metals and non-metals? | |
Ans. Metals have a wide range of uses, such as in construction (steel), electrical wiring (copper), transportation (aluminum), and jewelry (gold and silver). Non-metals are used in various applications, such as in the production of fuels (hydrogen), fertilizers (nitrogen), plastics (carbon), and medicines (iodine).
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