Multiplication Class 2 Notes Maths

Multiplication as Repeated Addition

Adding the same number again and again is called repeated addition.
Aryan has 5 tricycles. Each tricycle has 3 wheels. What is the total number of wheels in all the tricycles?

There are 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 15 wheels in all.
3 is repeatedly added 5 times.
We write it as 5 × 3 = 15.
We say, 5 times 3 is 15 or 5 threes are 15 or 5 into 3 is 15.
Repeated addition of the same number is called multiplication.
4 × 2 = 8 is a multiplication fact.
‘×’ is the sign of multiplication.
So, instead of adding the same number again and again, we can multiply to find out the answer.

Study the following.
Here are 4 baskets with 2 mangoes in each.

How many mangoes are there in all?
By adding repeatedly, we find that there are 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 mangoes in all.
Using multiplication,
we write 4 × 2 = 8 and read as 4 times 2 are 8 or 4 multiplied by 2 is 8.

Multiplication on the Number Line

We already know that multiplication is repeated addition. We can represent multiplication on the number line by skip counting.

Let us find 3 × 5.

3 × 5 means take 3 skips of 5s starting from 0, as shown above.

We have reached 15 after 3 skips of 5s. So, 3 × 5 = 15.

Properties of Multiplication

Order Property of Multiplication

There are 2 rows of 5 pineapples each.
The multiplication fact becomes 2 × 5 = 10.
We can also think that there are 5 columns of 2 pineapples each.
Now, the multiplication fact becomes 5 × 2 = 10.
Since product is the same in both the cases,
we have 2 × 5 = 5 × 2 = 10.
We may multiply the numbers in any order, the product would be the same.
This basic property of multiplication is called the order property of multiplication.
➤ Multiplicative Property of 1

5 groups of 1 = 5 × 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 5
1 group of 5 = 1 × 5 = 5
So, 5 × 1 = 1 × 5 = 5.
We can show the above results using a number line as shown.

The above discussion shows that

Any number multiplied by 1 equals that number. This is called the multiplicative property of 1.

➤ Multiplicative Property of 0

There are 3 empty baskets, which means 3 groups of nothing.
So, 3 × 0 = 0.
Also, by order property 3 × 0 = 0 × 3 = 0.
Thus, we have
Any number multiplied by 0 equals 0. This is called the multiplicative property

of 0.

Multiplication Tables:

You have already learnt and memorised tables of 1 to 5 in Class 1. Let us revise

the same.

➤ Multiplication Table of 2
Count and build the table of 2.

➤ Multiplication Table of 3
Count and build the table of 3.

➤ Multiplication Table of 4
Count and build the table of 4.

➤ Multiplication Table of 5
Count and build the table of 5.

➤ Multiplication Table of 6
Count and build the table of 6.

➤ Multiplication Table of 7
Count and build the table of 7.

➤ Multiplication Table of 8
Count and build the table of 8.

➤ Multiplication Table of 9
Count and build the table of 9.

➤ Multiplication Table of 10
Count and build the table of 10.

Problems Based on Real Life Situations

Example 1: There are 6 bananas in a bunch. There are 9 bunches. How many bananas are there in all?

Bananas in 1 bunch = 6
Bananas in 9 bunches = 9 × 6 = 54

Example 2: Reena has 5 pairs of gloves, 3 pairs of socks and 8 pairs of bangles.

How many items are there in total?

Number of gloves = 5 pairs = 5 × 2 = 10
Number of socks = 3 pairs = 3 × 2 = 6
Number of bangles = 8 pairs = 8 × 2 = 16
Total number of items = 10 + 6 + 16 = 32