Year 4 Exam > Year 4 Notes > Year 4 Mathematics > Multiply a 3-digit number by a 1-digit number
Multiply a 3-digit number by a 1-digit number | Year 4 Mathematics PDF Download
Short Multiplication
When multiplying a multi-digit number by a single-digit number, it's important to break down the multiplication into ones, tens, and hundreds. Each part is multiplied separately to ensure the correct place value.
Examples
Example 2: What is 317 × 5?
Sol: 
- Multiply the ones place by 5. 7 × 5 = 35. Keep the 5 in the ones place and carry over the 3 to the tens place.
- Next, multiply the tens place by 5. 10 × 5 = 50. Add the 3 extra tens that you carried over before. 50 + 30 = 80.
- Multiply 300 by 5. 300 × 5 = 1500.
- You have now solved it! 317 × 5 = 1585.
Example 2: What is 342 × 4?
Sol: 
- Start by multiplying the digit in the ones place by 4. 2 × 4 = 8.
- Next, multiply the tens place by 4. 40 × 4 = 160. Put the 6 tens in the tens column and carry the 100 over to the hundreds column.
- Multiply 300 by 4. 300 × 4 = 1200. Don't forget to add the 100 you carried over! 1200 + 100 = 1300. Place the 3 hundreds in the hundreds column and the 1 in the thousands column.
- You have now solved it: 342 × 4 = 1368.
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