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NCERT Notes and Questions - Agriculture, Class 8, Social Science PDF Download

Class VIII, NCERT Social Science (Geography)

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CBSE Notes and CBSE Questions

 
Important Terms
 
Primary Activities
Primary activities are those economic activities which are connected with extraction, gathering and production of natural resources. e.g. - Extraction (mining), collection, fishing, agriculture, gathering etc.
 
Secondary Activities
Secondary activities are those economic activities which are connected with processing of natural resources. e.g. - Manufacturing steel, baking of bread, weaving of cloth etc.
 
Tertiary Activities
The activities which provide support to primary & secondary activities through services are termed as tertiary activities. e.g. - Banking, transport, trade, media, advertising etc.
 
Organic Farming
Organic farming is that type of farming in which organic manure & natural pesticides are used in place of chemicals and in which no genetic modification is done to increase the yield of the crop.
 
Contour Ploughing
The practice of ploughing against the slopes on the hill is known as contour ploughing.
 
Short type CBSE Questions with their Answers
 
Question.1: What is arable land?
Answer: Arable land is the land on which crops are grown.
 
Question.2: Enumerate the areas of nomadic herding.
Answer: Arid regions of Sahara, Central Asia and some parts in India like - Rajasthan, J & K.
 
Question.3: What are the livestock of nomadic herding?
Answer: Yak, sheep, camel, and goats.
 
Question.4: What is Commercial farming?
Answer: Commercial farming is the type of farming in which crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in the market.
 
Question.5: Explain Mixed farming.
Answer: Mixed farming is that type of farming in which land is used for growing food crops, fodder crops and rearing of livestock. It is practiced in Europe, Eastern USA, Argentina, Southeast Australia, New Zealand and Africa.
 
Question.6: Name the major agricultural crops.
Answer: Food crops: rice, wheat, millets and maize.
Fiber crops: jute & cotton.
Beverage crops: tea & coffee.
 
 
Question.7: Which countries are known for rice & wheat productions?
Answer: Rice Producing: China, India, Japan, Srilanka, Bangladesh and Egypt.
 
Wheat Producing: USA, Argentina, Canada, Russia, Ukraine, India & Australia.
 
Question.8: Name the Golden Fiber. Where is it grown?
Answer: Jute is known as Golden Fiber. It is grown mainly in India & Bangladesh.
 
Question.9: How is agriculture is the most widely adopted occupation of the humans?
Answer: Agriculture is the oldest and most widely adopted occupation of humans. More than 50% of the world population is engaged in agriculture. It continues to be the major occupation of people in the developing countries of the world. Nearly 67% of the total population of India is engaged in agriculture.
 

Long type CBSE Questions with their Answers

 
Question.1: What is meant by ‘nomadic herding’?
Answer: Nomadic herding means a particular pattern of animal husbandry in which people are merely herdsmen and they are continuously on the move along with their families and cattle in search of food and water supply. The word ‘Nomad’ means supporting one-self by moving from place to place. This type of movement and settlement goes on. Pastures are limited and the number of nomadic herdsmen is also very small. This occupation is adopted only by primitive tribes in the semi arid & arid regions of Sahara, Central Asia, and in Rajasthan, J & K in India.
 
 
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FAQs on NCERT Notes and Questions - Agriculture, Class 8, Social Science

1. What is agriculture?
Ans. Agriculture refers to the cultivation of plants, animals, and other organisms for food, fuel, and other products that are essential for human life. It is a primary source of livelihood for many people worldwide and plays a significant role in the economy of a country.
2. What are the different types of agriculture?
Ans. There are different types of agriculture practices such as subsistence agriculture, commercial agriculture, intensive agriculture, extensive agriculture, and organic farming. Subsistence agriculture is when farmers grow crops for their own consumption. Commercial agriculture is when crops are grown to sell in the market. Intensive agriculture involves the use of high inputs and modern technology to increase production. Extensive agriculture is practised on large areas of land with low inputs. Organic farming involves the use of natural resources instead of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
3. How does agriculture impact the environment?
Ans. Agriculture can have both positive and negative impacts on the environment. The use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation systems can lead to soil degradation, water pollution, and deforestation. However, sustainable agriculture practices such as crop rotation, intercropping, and agroforestry can help to conserve soil and water resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and maintain biodiversity.
4. What are the challenges faced by farmers in agriculture?
Ans. Farmers face several challenges in agriculture, including unpredictable weather patterns, pests and diseases, lack of access to finance and markets, and low productivity due to poor soil fertility and outdated farming practices. Climate change, land degradation, and water scarcity are other major challenges that affect the agriculture sector.
5. What are the benefits of agriculture to society?
Ans. Agriculture provides several benefits to society, such as food security, employment opportunities, income generation, and economic development. It also helps to maintain ecological balance, conserve natural resources, and reduce poverty. Agriculture is a crucial sector that contributes to the overall development of a country and plays a significant role in improving the quality of life for people.
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