Q1. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called ____.
(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called ____.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as _____.
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as ______.
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of ____, ____ and ___.
Ans:
(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called vegetative propagation.
(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called unisexual.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as pollination.
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as fertilisation.
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of wind, water and animals.
Q2. Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.
Ans: The various modes of asexual reproduction in plants are as follows:
Q3. Explain what you understand by sexual reproduction.
Ans: It is the mode of reproduction in which male and female gamete fuse together to form a zygote. The zygote gradually develops into a new organism. It is mostly seen in multicellular organisms.
Q4. State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Ans: Differences between sexual and asexual reproduction:
Asexual reproduction | Sexual reproduction |
It requires only one parent. | It requires two parents. |
In asexual reproduction, newly developed plants are identical to the parent and to each other. | In sexual reproduction, newly developed plants are not identical to parents. |
No gamete formation takes place. | Gametes are involved |
Examples are yeast, rose, jasmine, potato, etc. | Examples are flowering plants, such as Hibiscus, corn, papaya, etc. |
Q5. Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.
Ans:
Q6. Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Ans: Differences between self-pollination and cross-pollination:
Self-pollination | Cross-pollination |
It involves the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil of the same flower. | It involves the transfer of pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of another flower of the same plant or that of a different plant of the same kind. |
It occurs only in bisexual flowers. | It occurs in both unisexual and bisexual flowers. |
Q7. How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?
Ans: When pollen grain lands on stigma of the flower, it germinates and gives rise to a pollen tube that passes through the style and reaches the ovary of a pistil. When the pollen tube reaches an ovule, it releases the male gametes. A male gamete fuses with a female gamete in the ovule. This process is known as fertilisation. The cell which is formed after the fusion of a male and a female gamete is known as zygote. This zygote divides several times in order to form the embryo present inside the seed.
Q8. Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.
Ans: Seed dispersal occurs by the following agencies.
Q9. Match items in Column I with those in Column II:
Column I | Column II | ||
(a) | Bud | (i) | Maple |
(b) | Eyes | (ii) | Spirogyra |
(c) | Fragmentation | (iii) | Yeast |
(d) | Wings | (iv) | Bread mould |
(e) | Spores | (v) | Potato |
(vi) | Rose |
Ans:
Column I | Column II | ||
(a) | Bud | (iii) | Yeast |
(b) | Eyes | (v) | Potato |
(c) | Fragmentation | (ii) | Spirogyra |
(d) | Wings | (i) | Maple |
(e) | Spores | (iv) | Bread mould |
Q10. Tick (√ ) the correct answer:
(a) The reproductive part of a plant is the
(i) leaf
(ii) Stem
(iii) Root
(iv) Flower
Ans: (iv) flower
(b) The process of fusion of the male and female gametes is called
(i) Fertilisation
(ii) Pollination
(iii) Reproduction
(iv) Seed formation
Ans: (i) Fertilisation
(c) Mature ovary forms the
(i) Seed
(ii) Stamen
(iii) Pistil
(iv) Fruit
Ans: (iv) fruit
(d) A spore producing plant is
(i) Rose
(ii) Bread mould
(iii) Potato
(iv) Ginger
Ans: (ii) Bread mould
(e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its
(i) Stem
(ii) leaves
(iii) Roots
(iv) Flower
Ans: (ii) leaves
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