Q1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) To which one of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to?
(a) Tundra
(b) Tidal
(c) Himalayan
(d) Tropical Evergreen
Ans: (d) Tropical Evergreen
Rubber trees are typically found in tropical evergreen forests. These forests are characterized by high rainfall and consistent temperatures throughout the year, which are ideal conditions for rubber cultivation.
(ii) Cinchona trees are found in the areas of rainfall more than
(a) 100 cm
(b) 50 cm
(c) 70 cm
(d) less than 50 cm
Ans: (a) 100 cm
Cinchona trees, which are used for extracting quinine, thrive in areas with rainfall of more than 100 cm annually. They are typically found in tropical regions with abundant rainfall.
(iii) In which of the following state is the Simlipal bio-reserve located?
(a) Punjab
(b) Delhi
(c) Odisha
(d) West Bengal
Ans: (c) Odisha
The Simlipal Biosphere Reserve is located in the state of Odisha. It is known for its rich biodiversity and is an important protected area in eastern India.
(iv) Which one of the following bio-reserves of India is not included in the world network of bioreserve?
(a) Manas
(b) Nilgiri
(c) Gulf of Mannar
(d) Panna
Ans: (d) Panna
The Panna Biosphere Reserve is not included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. However, the Nilgiri, Gulf of Mannar, and Manas are part of this network.
Q2. Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples.
Ans: Bio-reserves are the large areas where vegetation, wildlife and the environment are conserved to preserve the biological diversity. In totality, there are 18 bio-reserves in India. Examples include Sunderbans Bio-reserve in West Bengal and Nanda Devi Bio-reserve in Uttaranchal.
(ii) Name two animals having habitat in tropical and montane type of vegetation.
Ans: The common animals found in the tropical forests are elephants and monkeys and the common animals found in the montane forests are Kashmir stag and spotted deer.
Q3. Distinguish between
(i) Flora and Fauna
Ans: The word ‘flora’ is used to denote plants of a particular region or period and the species of animals are referred to as ‘fauna’.
Flora and Fauna: Comparison
(ii) Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous Forests
Ans: Tropical Evergreen Forests:
Deciduous Forests:
Q4. Name different types of vegetation found in India and describe the vegetation of high altitudes.
Ans: The different types of vegetation found in India are:
In mountainous areas, the decrease in temperature with increasing altitude leads to the corresponding change in natural vegetation:
Q5. Quite a few species of plants and animals are endangered in India. Why?
Ans: Many plants and animals are endangered in India due to a number of reasons:
As a result of these activities about 1300 plant species are endangered and 20 plant species have become extinct. Quite a few animal species are also endangered.
Q6. Why has India a rich heritage of flora and fauna?
Ans: India has a rich heritage of flora and fauna due to the following reasons:
Q. On an outline map of India, label the following.
(i) Areas of Evergreen Forests
(ii) Areas of Dry Deciduous Forests
(iii) Two national parks each in Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western parts of the Country
Ans: The outline of India’s map is given below with the labelling of the above-mentioned areas.
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1. What are the main types of natural vegetation found in India? |
2. How does climate affect the distribution of natural vegetation in India? |
3. What is the significance of wildlife conservation in India? |
4. What are the threats to natural vegetation and wildlife in India? |
5. How can we promote the conservation of natural vegetation and wildlife? |
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