1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Which one of the following continents has the highest growth of population?
(a) Africa
(b) South America
(c) Asia
(d) North America
► (a) Africa
(ii) Which one of the following is not an area of sparse population?
(a) The Atacama
(b) South-east Asia
(c) Equatorial region
(d) Polar regions
► (b) South-east Asia
(iii) Which one of the following is not a push factor ?
(a) Water shortage
(b) Medical/educational facilities
(c) Unemployment
(d) Epidemics
► (b) Medical/educational facilities
(iv) Which one of the following is not a fact?
(a) Human population increased more than ten times during the past 500 years.
(b) Nearly 80 million people are added to the world population each year.
(c) It took 100 years for the population to rise from 5 billion to 6 billion.
(d) Population growth is high in the first stage of demographic transition?
► (c) It took 100 years for the population to rise from 5 billion to 6 billion.
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Name three geographical factors that influence the distribution of population.
Answer
Three geographical factors that influence the distribution of population are:
• Availability of water
• Landforms
• Climate
(ii) There are a number of areas with high population density in the world. Why does this happen?
Answer
This happens due to the following factors:
• Geographical factors such as adequate availability of water, plain landforms, comfortable climate and fertile soils attract people.
• Economic factors such as mining and industrial activities generate employment, urbanisation and industrialisation also attract a large number of people.
• Social and Cultural Factors: people tend to move away from places where there is social and political unrest.
(iii) What are the three components of population change?
Answer
Three components of population change are birth rate, death rate and migration.
3. Distinguish between:
(i) Birth rate and death rate.
(ii) Push factors and pull factors of migration.
Answer
Birth Rate | Death Rate |
The number of live births per thousand of population in a year is called crude birth rate. | The number of deaths per thousand of population in a year is called crude birth rate. |
It is calculated as: CBR = Bi/P ✖ 1000 Here, CBR = Crude Birth Rate; Bi = live births during the year; P=Mid year population of the area | It is calculated as: CDR = D/P ✖ 1000 Here, CDR=Crude Death Rate; D= Number of deaths; P=Estimated mid-year population of that year. |
Push factors of migration | Pull factors of migration |
These factors cause people to move away from a place. | These factors cause people to come from outside places. |
Push factors are due to unemployment, poor living conditions, political turmoil, unpleasant climate, natural disasters, epidemics and socio-economic backwardness | Pull factors are due to better job opportunities and living conditions, peace and stability, security of life and property and pleasant climate. |
4. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
(i) Discuss the factors influencing the distribution and density of population in the world.
Answer
The various factors that influence the distribution and density of population in the world are:
(ii) Discuss the three stages of demographic transition.
Answer
The three stages of demographic transition are:
Map Skill
On the outline map of the world, show and name the following.
(i) Countries of Europe and Asia with negative growth rate of population.
(ii) African countries with growth rate of population more than three percent. (You may refer to Appendix 1).
Answer
(i) Countries of Europe and Asia with negative growth rate of population are:
Latvia, Estonia ,Russia, Ukraine, Saudi Arabia, Albania, Bulgaria, Oman, Croatia, Slovania, Czech Republic, Germany, Portugal.
(ii) Liberia, Somalia, Rawanda, Angola, Niger and Eritrea.
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