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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)

[Unless stated otherwise, take π = 22/7]
Q1. A solid is in the shape of a cone standing on a hemisphere with both their radii being equal to 1 cm and the height of the cone is equal to its radius. Find the volume of the solid in terms of π.
Sol. Here, r = 1 cm and h = 1 cm.
∵ Volume of the conical part = 1/3 πr2h
Volume of the hemispherical part =2/3 πr3
∴ Volume of the solid shape
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)

Q2. Rachel, an engineering student, was asked to make a model shaped like a cylinder with two cones attached at its two ends by using a thin aluminium sheet. The diameter of the model is 3 cm and its length is 12 cm. If each cone has a height of 2 cm, find the volume of air contained in the model that Rachel made. (Assume the outer and inner dimensions of the model to be nearly the same.)
Sol. Here, diameter = 3 cm
⇒ Radius (r)= 3/2 cm
Total height = 12 cm
Height of a cone (h1) = 2 cm
∴ Height of both cones = 2 × 2 = 4 cm
⇒ Height of the cylinder (h2) = (12 − 4) cm = 8 cm.
Now, volume of the cylindrical part = πr2h2
Volume of both conical parts =  NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
∴ Volume of the whole model
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)

Q3. A gulab jamun contains sugar syrup up to about 30% of its volume. Find approximately how much syrup would be found in 45 gulab jamuns, each shaped like a cylinder with two hemispherical ends with length 5 cm and diameter 2.8 cm (see figure).
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Sol. Since a gulab jamun is like a cylinder with hemispherical ends.
Total height of the gulab jamun = 5 cm.
Diameter = 2.8 cm
⇒ Radius = 1.4 cm
∴ Length (height) of the cylindrical part = 5 cm − (1.4 + 1.4) cm
= 5 cm − 2.8 cm = 2.2 cm
Now, volume of the cylindrical part
= πr2h
Volume of a hemispherical end = 2/3 πr3
Volume of both the hemispherical ends  NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
∴ Volume of a gulab jamun
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
⇒ Volume of 45 gulab jamuns
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Since the quantity of syrup in gulab jamuns
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)  = 338.184 cm3 
= 338 cm3 (approx.)

Q4. A pen stand made of wood is in the shape of a cuboid with four conical depressions to hold pens. The dimensions of the cuboid are 15 cm by 10 cm by 3.5 cm. The radius of each of the depressions is 0.5 cm and the depth is 1.4 cm. Find the volume of wood in the entire stand (see Fig.).
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Sol. Dimensions of the cuboid are 15 cm, 10 cm and 3.5 cm.
∴ Volume of the cuboid =  NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Since each depression is conical with base radius (r) = 0.5 cm and depth (h) = 1.4 cm,
∴ Volume of each depression (cone)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Since there are 4 depressions,
∴ Total volume of 4 depressions
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Now, volume of the wood in entire stand
= [Volume of the wooden cuboid] − [Volume of 4 depressions]
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)

Q5. A vessel is in the form of an inverted cone. Its height is 8 cm and the radius of its top, which is open, is 5 cm. It is filled with water up to the brim. When lead shots, each of which is a sphere of radius 0.5 cm are dropped into the vessel, one-fourth of the water flows out. Find the number of lead shots dropped in the vessel.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Sol. Height of the conical vessel (h) = 8 cm
Base radius (r) = 5 cm
∴ Volume of the cone = 1/3 πr2h
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Since Volume of the cone = [Volume of water in the cone]
∴ [Volume of water in the cone] =  NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Now, Total volume of lead shots = 1/4 of [Volume of water in the cone]
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Since, radius of a lead shot (sphere) (r) = 0.5 cm
∴ Volume of 1 lead shot =  NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)

∴ Number of lead shots =  NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Thus, the required number of lead shots = 100.

Q6. A solid iron pole consists of a cylinder of height 220 cm and base diameter 24 cm, which is surmounted by another cylinder of height 60 cm and radius 8 cm. Find the mass of the pole, given that 1 cm3 of iron has approximately 8 g mass. (Use π = 3.14) 
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Sol. Height of the big cylinder (h) = 220 cm
Base radius (r) = 24/2 cm = = 12 cm
∴ Volume of the big cylinder = πr2h = π (12)2 × 220 cm3
Also, height of smaller cylinder (h1) = 60 cm
Base radius (r1) = 8 cm
∴ Volume of the smaller cylinder πr12h1 = π (8)2 × 60 cm3
∴ Volume of iron
= [Volume of big cylinder] + [Volume of the smaller cylinder]
= π × 220 × 122 + π × 60 × 82 cm3
= 3.14 [220 × 12 × 12 + 60 × 8 × 8] cm3 = 314/100 [20 × 144 + 60 × 64] cm3
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)

Q7. A solid consisting of a right circular cone of height 120 cm and radius 60 cm standing on a hemisphere of radius 60 cm is placed upright in a right circular cylinder full of water such that it touches the bottom. Find the volume of water left in the cylinder, if the radius of the cylinder is 60 cm and its height is 180 cm.
Sol. Height of the conical part = 120 cm.
Base radius of the conical part = 60 cm.
∴ Volume of the conical part =  NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Radius of the hemispherical part = 60 cm.
∴ Volume of the hemispherical part   NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
∴ Volume of the solid
= [Volume of conical part] + [Volume of hemispherical part]
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Volume of the cylinder = πr2h
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)

⇒ Volume of water in the cylinder   NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
∴ Volume of the water left in the cylinder
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)       [∵ 1000000 cm3 = 1 m3]
= 1.13142857142 m3 = 1.131 m3 (approx).

Q8. A spherical glass vessel has a cylindrical neck 8 cm long, 2 cm in diameter; the diameter of the spherical part is 8.5 cm. By measuring the amount of water it holds, a child finds its volume to be 345 cm3. Check whether she is correct, taking the above as the inside measurements, and π = 3.14.
Sol. Volume of the cylindrical part
= πr2h = 3.14 × 12 × 8 cm3    [∵ Radius = 2/3 = 1 cm, height (h) = 8 cm]
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Volume of the spherical part
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Total volume of the glass-vessel
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
⇒ Volume of water in the vessel = 346.51 cm3
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)
Since the child finds the volume as 345 cm3
∴ The child’s answer is not correct
⇒ The correct answer is 346.51 cm3.

The document NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2) is a part of the Class 10 Course NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 10.
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FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes (Exercise 12.2)

1. What is the formula for finding the surface area of a rectangular box?
Ans. The formula for finding the surface area of a rectangular box is 2(lw + lh + wh), where l, w, and h represent the length, width, and height of the box respectively.
2. How can I find the surface area of a cylinder?
Ans. To find the surface area of a cylinder, we use the formula 2πrh + 2πr^2, where r is the radius and h is the height of the cylinder. The first term represents the area of the two circular bases, and the second term represents the area of the curved surface.
3. What is the formula for finding the volume of a cone?
Ans. The formula for finding the volume of a cone is (1/3)πr^2h, where r is the radius of the base and h is the height of the cone. This formula can be derived by considering the cone as a pyramid with a circular base.
4. How do I calculate the surface area of a sphere?
Ans. The surface area of a sphere can be calculated using the formula 4πr^2, where r is the radius of the sphere. This formula represents the total area of the curved surface of the sphere.
5. What is the formula for finding the volume of a cuboid?
Ans. The formula for finding the volume of a cuboid is lwh, where l, w, and h represent the length, width, and height of the cuboid respectively. This formula can be derived by considering the cuboid as a stack of identical cubes.
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